نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، عضو هیئت علمی گروه روابط بین‌الملل دانشکدة وزارت امور خارجه.

2 رییس دبیرخانه علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان فارس عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل واحد شیراز

3 دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

برخی از تحلیلگران روابط بین‌الملل معتقدند روابط حسنه آمریکا و چین که از اوایل دهه 1970 آغاز شده بود، اکنون در حال واگرایی فزاینده می‌باشد. پیرو چنین نظری، در این پژوهش مسئله طرح ‌شده این است که آیا در جهان پساکرونا، شاهد واگرایی هر چه بیشترِ روابط چین و آمریکا خواهیم بود؟ دلایل اصلی این واگرایی کدم‌اند؟ و نهایتاً این واگرایی، چه بایسته­هایی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران به دنبال خواهد داشت؟ نگارندگان ضمن بررسی دیدگاه‌های موجود، با کاربست نظریه آشوب این فرضیه را مورد راستی‌آزمایی قرار می‌دهند که واگرایی روابط طرفین پدیده‌ای پیچیده و چندعلتی است که شیوع جهانی ویروس کرونا به‌مثابه اثر پروانه‌ای، موجب آشکار شدن و تشدید رقابت­های ژئوپلیتیک میان آنها شده است. این واگرایی دلالت­هایی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران خواهد داشت که بدان می‌شود. روش این پژوهش تحلیلی- توصیفی بوده و ابزار تحقیق نیز بر مبنای منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The escalation of US and Chinese divergence in the post-Corona era and its implications for the Islamic Republic of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Dehshiri 1
  • Mohammadreza Ghaedi 2
  • Seyed Mehdi Habibi 3

1 Professor of International Relations, Faculty of Foreign Affairs

2 Assistance professor shiraz branch,Islamic azad university,shiraz,iran

3 PhD in International Relations

چکیده [English]

The main question of the present article is "How has Covid-19 affected the globalization discourse in the current crisis? And what will be the scenarios facing Corona and the globalization discourse?" The results of a future research method show that the discourse of globalization is hurting by the central sign of liberalism and by floating signs such as the free market and global trade before the Corona crisis. Corona's oversight has intensified, with states continuing to tighten their policies, such as blocking borders, controlling and restricting information and news, disregarding social justice and human rights, the spread of nationalism, authoritarianism and severe censorship. This practice gradually challenged the rest of the floating signs. Seems that there are five scenarios for the future of the globalization discourse, which are as follows: A) Favorable future: the return of globalization to the past and reunification between states. B) Probable future: 1. Reducing the speed of the globalization process and turning states to utilitarianism. 2. Reducing the speed of the globalization process, and temporarily shrink the international environment. C) Possible future: stopping the discourse of globalization, the failure of capitalist ideology and the emergence of new ideologies.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Post-Corona
  • Iran's Foreign Policy
  • China-US Relations
  • Chaos Theory
  • Divergence
الف- فارسی
-           روزنا، جیمز، (1384)، آشوب در سیاست جهان، ترجمة علیرضا طیب، تهران: روزنه.
-           برچر، مایکل، (1382)، بحران در سیاست جهان، جلد 2، ترجمة حیدر علی بلوجی، تهران: مطالعات راهبردی.
-           اکوانی، سید حمدالله و موسوی نژاد، سید ولی، (1392)، «نظریة آشوب؛ مدلی برای تحلیل پیچیدگی فضای سیاسی ایران»، پژوهشنامه علوم سیاسی، سال هشتم، شماره 2.
 
ب- انگلیسی
-       Akbarzadeh, Shahram and Pargoo, Mahmoud, (2020), “Iran-China Deal Raises More Questions than Answers”, Middle East Institute, Retrieved from: https:// www. mei. edu/ publications/iran-china-deal-raises-more-questions-answers.
 -       Allison, Graham, (2017), Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
 -       Allison, Graham, (2017), “China vs. America – Managing the Next Clash of Civilizations”,Foreign Affairs, Retrieved from: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/1120535.
 -       C. Bush, Richard, (2011), “The United States and China: A G-2 in the Making?, Brookings Institution, Retrieved from: https:// www. brookings. edu/ articles/the-united-states-and-china-a-g-2-in-the-making.
 -       Elliott, Euel, (2000), Knowledge Management Organizational Intelligence and Learning, and Complexity, Vol. II- Complexity, Politics and Public Policy, Régis, Dandoy and i.
 -       Gering, Tuvia and Mansharof, Yossi, (2020), “The China-Iran Agreement is not a Strategic Shift”, The Jerusalem Institute for Asatrategy and Security,Retrieved from: https:// jiss.org.il/en/gering-mansharof-agreement-between-china-and-iran-is-not-a-strategic-turnaround.
 -       Gelber, Harry, (2001), Nations out of Empires: European Nationalism and the Transformation of Asia, Springer.
 -       Hass, Ryan, (2020), “The US and China Need to Relearn How to Coordinate in Crises”, Brookings Institution, Retrieved from: https:// www. brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/19/the-us-and-china-need-to-relearn-how-to-coordinate-in-crises.
 -       Hass, Ryan and Dong, Kevin, (2020), “The US, China and Asia after the Pandemic: More, not Less, Tension”, Brookings Institution, Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/01/the-us-china-and-asia-after-the-pandemic-more-not-less-tension.
-       Jisi, Wang, (2019), “Assessing the Radical Transformation of U.S. Policy toward China”, TheInstitute of International and Strategic Studies (IISS), Retrieved from: https:// link. springer. com/article/10.1007/s42533-019-00029-4.
 -       Klein, Ezra, (2020), “The Coronavirus has Pushed US-China Relations to their Worst Point since Mao”, Vox, Retrieved from: https:// www. vox. com/2020/3/31/21200192/coronavirus-china-donald-trump-the-ezra-klein-show.
 -       Kynge, James, (2020), “US and China: Edging towards a New Type of Cold War?”, Financial Times, Retrieved from: https:// www. ft. com/ content/ fe59abf8-cbb8-4931-b224-56030586fb9a.
 -       Kynge, James, Manson, Katrina and Politi, James, (2020), “US and China: Edging towards a New Type of Cold War?”, Financial Times, Retrieved from: https:// www. ft. com/ content/ fe59abf8-cbb8-4931-b224-56030586fb9a.
 -       Malloy, Allie, (2017), “New Security Strategy to Call China 'Strategic Competitor,' Lay out Strategic Aims”, CNN. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/18/politics/trump-security-strategy/index.html.
 -       Maloney, Suzanne, (2020), “Global China: Assessing China's Relations with the Great Powers”, The Brookings Institution, Retrieved from: https:// www. brookings. edu/ events/ global-china-assessing-chinas-relations-with-the-great-powers.
 -       Nye Jr, Joseph S, (2020), “Why the Coronavirus is Making U.S-China Relations Worse”, The International Interest. Retrieved from: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/why-coronavirus-making-us-china-relations-worse-139457.
 -       Rosenau, J, (1990), The Scientific Study of Foreign Policy, London: Frances Printer.
 -       Rudd, Kevin, (2019), “Kevin Rudd on US-China Relations: This is a New and Dangerous Phase”, Financial Review, https://www.afr.com/polic y/kevin -rudd-on-uschi na-relat ions-this-is-a-new-and-dange rousphase-20190 122-h1acu 6. Accessed 28 Oct 2019.
 -       Schell, Orville, (2020), “The Ugly End of Chimerica”, Foreign Policy, Retrieved from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/03/chimerica-ugly-end-coronavirus-china-us-trade-relations.
 -       Sevastopulo, Demetri, (2019), “Why Trump’s America is Rethinking Engagement with China”, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/conte nt/f882b 7c2-1339-11e9-a581-4ff78 40452 4e. Accessed 28 Oct 2019.
 -       Stokes, Jacob, (2020), “Who Cares if the US Is in a ‘New Cold War’ With China?”, The Diplomat. Retrieved from: https:// thediplomat. com/ 2020/02/ who-cares-if-the-us-is-in-a-new-cold-war-with-china.
 -       The Hudson Institute, (2018), “Remarks by Vice President Pence on the Administration’s Policy toward China”, The Hudson Institute, Retrieved from: https:// www. whitehouse. gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-administrations-policy-toward-china.
 -       Ward, Alex, (2020), “12 Experts on How the US Should Hold China Accountable for the Coronavirus”, Vox. Retrieved from: https:// www. vox. com/ 2020/4/16/21222115/trump-china-coronavirus-who-response.
 -       Yadlin, Amos and Heistein, Ari, (2020), “The Prospects of a China-Iran Axis”, War on the Rocks,  Retrieved from: https:// warontherocks. com/2020/08/the-prospects-of-a-china-iran-axis.
 -       Zhang, Sheng, (2020), “The 25-Year Agreement between China and Iran: A Continuation of Previous Policy”, Washington institute. Retrieved from: https:// www. washingtoninstitute. org/ fikraforum/ view/25-year-agreement-china-and-iran-foreign-policy.