نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموخته دکتری مطالعات منطقه ای دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

منطقه‌گرایی اوراسیایی یک پدیده واحد از بازنمایی‏های سازه‏انگارانه متفاوتی در کلان‎گفتمان هویتی اوراسیاگرایی روسیه برخوردار بوده است. این بازنمایی‏ها، در کشاکش ارتباط ساختی دوسویه میان هویت و منافع روسیه تولید شده‎ است. با توجه به شدت و عمق مرزگذاری‎های هویتی با دگرهای داخلی و خارجی در میان روایت‎های مختلف گفتمان هویتی اوراسیاگرایی، شکل‏های متفاوتی پیدا کرده‎ است. برتری/ فروتری مستمر در جایگاه تعیین‎کنندگی روایت‏های مختلف اوراسیاگرایی، روسیه را به شکل بی‎وقفه‎ای درگیر فرایند سازوارسازی میان رفتار منطقه‎ای و نظام‎های معنایی کرده است. این موضوع، متناسب با ساخت- گسست یکسان‎انگاری یا دگرپنداری هویتی از منطقه‏گرایی اوراسیایی، اهمیت این فرایند و ترجیح‎های رفتاری نسبت به آن در سیاست خارجی روسیه را به ترتیب گرفتار چرخه‎های دوگانه فروگذاری/ تأکیدگذاری و همکاری‎جویی/ سلطه‎طلبی کرده است. مقاله پیش‎رو، در پاسخ به چرایی رخداد و تکرار این چرخه‎ها، با کاربست نظریه «منطقه‏گرایی سازه‏انگارانه انتقادی»، در پی ارزیابی راستی/ ناراستی این انگاره است که: بازنمایی‏های سازه‎انگارانه متفاوت از منطقه‏گرایی اوراسیایی در روایت‏های مختلف کلان‎گفتمان هویتی اوراسیاگرایی روسیه، موجب رفتارهای متفاوت در سیاست خارجی این کشور نسبت به منطقه‎گرایی اوراسیایی شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Constructivist Representations of Eurasian Regionalism in the Russian Eurasianism Discourse

نویسنده [English]

  • Hossein Soranari

phd in regional studies , university of Tehran

چکیده [English]

"Eurasian regionalism", as a single phenomenon, has had different constructivist representations in the Russian identity macro-discourse of Eurasianism. These representations have been produced in the context of a two-way construction between Russia's identity and interests, and due to the severity and depth of identity boundaries with internal and external "others", among the various narratives of the Eurasian identity discourse, they have found different shapes. Different representations have inevitably led to different behaviors from imperialism to co-operation towards Eurasian regionalism in Russian foreign policy. In other words, the dual continuous superior/ lower in determining the position of the various narratives of Eurasianism, has unceasingly involved Russia in the process of adjustment between regional behavior and semantic systems. The following article, in response to the cause of Russians' different behaviors toward Eurasian regionalism, uses the theory of "critical constructivist regionalism" to seek to assess the truth / untruth of this notion: "different constructivist representations from Eurasian regionalism in various narratives of Russian identity macro-discourse of Eurasianism, has led to different behaviors in its foreign policy towards Eurasian regionalism".
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Eurasian Identity Discourse"
  • "Eurasian Regionalism"
  • "Critical Constructivism"
  • "Conservative Eurasianism"
  • "Critical Eurasianism"
الف- فارسی
- پایگاه اطلاع‏رسانی دفتر مقام معظم رهبری، (2/9/1394)، «دیدار رئیس جمهوری روسیه با رهبر معظم انقلاب»، قابل دسترسی در: http://www.leader.ir/fa/content/13881/، (تاریخ دسترسی: 5 تیر 1396).
- کولایی، الهه، (1391)، سیاست و حکومت در اوراسیای مرکزی، تهران: سمت.
- کولایی، الهه و علیرضا نوری، (1389)، «عمل‏گرایی پوتین و تغییر در رویکردهای سیاست خارجی روسیه»، فصلنامه سیاست، دوره 40، شماره 2.
- کرمی، جهانگیر، (1381)، «تحول نگرش روسیه به محیط امنیتی بین‏المللی و تأثیر آن بر روابط با ایران»، مجله سیاست دفاعی، سال دهم، شماره 3، سال یازدهم، شماره 1.
 
ب- انگلیسی
- Adler, Emanuel, (1997), “Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics”, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 3, No. 3.
 - Alexandrov, Maxym, (2003), “The Concept of State Identity in International Relations: A Theoretical Analysis”, Journal of International Development and Cooperation, Vol.10, No.1.
 - Blank, Stephen, (2014), “The Intellectual Origins of the Eurasian Union Project”, In: S. Frederick, Starr & Svante E, Cornell, (Eds), Putin’s Grand Strategy: The Eurasian Union and Its Discontents, Johns Hopkins University: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
 - Bozdağlıoğlu, Yücel, (2007), “Constructivism and Identity Formation: An Interactive Approach”, Uluslararasi Hukuk ve Politika, Vol.3, No.11.
 - Brzezinski, Zbigniew, (2007), The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives, New York: Basic Books.
 - Buckley, Mary, (2003), “Russian Foreign Policy and Its Critics”, In: Rick Fawn (Ed), Realignments in Russian Foreign Policy, London: Frank Cass.
 - Campbell, David, (1998), Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
 -Counter-Currents Publishing, (27/7/2012), “Interview with Alexander Dugin”, available at: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/07/interview-with-alexander-dugin/
 - Darczewska, Jolanta, (2014), “The Anatomy of Russian Information Warfare: The Crimean Operation, A Case Study”, Warsaw: Centre for Eastern Studies, No. 42.
 - Erşen, Emre, (2004), “Neo- Eurasianism and Putin’s Multipolarism in Russian Foreign Policy”,  Turkish Review of Eurasian Studies, No.4.
   - Filis, Georgios K, (2008), Russia and Turkey in the Geopolitics of Eurasia and the Theory of Median Space: Thesis-Synthesis-Antithesis, Durham University: Ustinov College.
 - Finnemore, Martha, (1996), National Interests in International Society, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
 - Hopf, Ted, (1998), “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security, Vol. 23, No.1.
 - Hopf, Ted, (2005), “Identity, Legitimacy and the Use of Military Force: Russia’s Great Power Identities and Military Intervention in Abkhazia”, Review of International Studies, V. 31, Issue .S1.
 - Ismailov, Eldar & Vladimer Papava, (2010), Rethinking Central Eurasia, Johns Hopkins University: Central Asia- Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
 - Ismailov, Murod and Nozima Ganieva, (2013), “In Search for the Russian National Identity: Do History Textbooks Hold the Answer?”, Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, Vol.5, No.2.
 - Kozhanov, Nikolay, (2015), Understanding the Revitalization of Russan-Iranian Relations, Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center.
 - Laclau, Ernesto & Chantal Mouffe, (1985), Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, London: Verso.
 - Lo, Bobo, (2002), Russian Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Reality, Illusion and Mythmaking, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
 - Lo, Bobo, (2003), Vladimir Putin and the Evolution of Russian Foreign Policy, London and Malden, MA.
- Lutsevych, Orysia, (2016), “Agents of the Russian World: Proxy Groups in the Contested Neighbourhood”, Chatham House, Research Paper, Russia and Eurasia Programme, April.
 - March, Luke, (2011), “Is Nationalism Rising in Russian Foreign Policy? The Case of Georgia”, Demokratizatsiya, available at: pp. 187-207, https://www2.gwu .edu/~ieresgwu/ assets/ docs/ demokratizatsiya %20archive/ GWASHU_DEMO_193/J235073GW31587H1/J 23 5073GW31587H1.pdf, (Accessed on: 28 May 2018).
 - Matern, Frederick, (2007), “The Discourse of Civilization in the Works of Russia’s New Eurasianists: Lev Gumilev and Alexander Panarin”, Toronto: York University, Post-Communist Studies Programme Research Paper Series.
 - Michel, Casy, (2013), “Back in the USSR: The Rise and Demise of the Eurasian Union”, Central Eurasia Standard, October.
 - Moldashev, Kairat & Mohamed Aslam, (2015), “Russia in the Pursuit of Eurasian Integration: Developmental Regionalism or Identity Project?”, ISA Global South Caucus Conference 2015, Voices from Outside: Re-shaping International Relations Theory and Practice in on Era of Global Transformation", January 8th-10th, Singapore: Singapore Management University.
 - Morozova, Natalia, (2011), The Politics of Russian Post-Soviet Identity: Geopolitics, Eurasianism and Beyond, Submitted to Central European University Department of International Relations and European Studies, In partial fulfillment of the requirments for the degree of Dodtor of Philosophy, Budapest, Hungary.
 - Moulioukova, Dina, (2011), “Dialectic Relation between Foreign Policy and Russian National Identity”, European Union Miami Analysis, Vol.11, No. 9.
 - Pryce, Paul, (2013), “Putin’s Third Term: The Triumph of Eurasianism?”, Romanian Journal of European Affairse, Vol.13, No.1.
 - Putin, Vladimir, (16/11/2000), “Russia’s New Oriental Prospects”, available at: http://www.mid.ru/mid/eng/bod.htm, (Accessed on: 26 Sep 2018).
- RFE/RL (26/3/2002), “Security Watch”, available at: http://www.rfel.org/a/1344654.html, (Accessed on: 22 Sep 2018).
 - Secrieru, Stanislav, (2014), “Russian Conservative Reawakening”, The Polish Institute of International Affairs, Strategic File, No.18 (54).
- Shlapentokh, Dmitry, (2009), Russian Elite Image of Iran: From the Late Soviet Era to the Present, The U.S Army War College: Strategic Studies Institute (SSI).
 - Silvius, Ray, (2014), “The Russian State, Eurasianism and Civilisations in the Contemporary Global Political Economy”, Journal of Global Faultlines, Vol. 2, Issue.1.
 - Starr, S. Frederick & Svante E. Cornell (Ed), (2014), Putin’s Grand Strategy: The Eurasian Union and Its Discontents, Johns Hopkins University: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
 - “The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation”, (12/1/2008), available at: http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/4116, (Accessed on: 25 Jan 2018).
 - Trenin, Dimitry, (2014), “Drivers of Russia’s Foreign Policy”, In: Kadri Liik (Ed), Russia’ "pivot" to Eurasia, London: European Council on Foreign Relations.
 - Tsygankov, Andrei, (2003), “Mastering space in Eurasia: Russia’s Geopolitical Thinking after the Soviet Break-up”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, No. 36.
 - Valovaya, Tatyana, (2012), “Eurasian Economic Integration: Origins, Patterns and Outlooks”, Eurasian Development Bank, Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2012, available at: http://www. eabr. Org /general//upload/CII%20-%20izdania/Yerbook-2012/ a_n5_2012_07.pdf, (Accessed on: 11 Feb 2018).
 - Yi, Chunyao, (2007), “Emergence of Regionalism: About State Preference Formation”, School of Politics and International Studies, Polis Working Paper, No. 23.
 - Zhengyi, Wang, (2004), “Contending East Asian Regional Identity: Market- Led, Institutions or Social Reconstruction” The Pacific Review, Vol. 17, No. 4.
پ- روسی
- Гаджиев К.C, (2000), Введение в Геополитику, Москва: Логос.
 - Дугин, Александр, (2000), Основы Геополитики, Москва: Арктогея.
 - Колосов В.А & Мироненко Н.С, (2001), Геополитика и Политическая, Москва: Аспект пресс.
 - Путин, Владимир, (3/10/2011), “Новый интеграционный проект для Евразии — будущее, которое рождается сегодня”, Известия Газета.
 - Путин, Владимир, (19/9/2013), “Заседание Международного Дискуссионного Клуба Валдай”, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/ 19243, (Accessed on: 8 Apr 2018).