نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی تدین راد
• سارا نجف پور

استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

شناخت دقایق و چند و چون داستان از چشم‌انداز سیاسی و ارکان و اجزای آن می‌تواند به کاربست بهتر و موثرتر داستان‌گویی در بیان و انتقال مفاهیم در علوم سیاسی کمک کند و نیز ابزار و چارچوبی کارآمد برای تحلیل و بررسی متون و افکار ارائه‌ شده در قالب‌های داستانی ارائه نماید. در این پژوهش جایگاه و مفهوم داستان و کارکرد و مؤلفه‌های آن با تأکید بر قلمرو سیاست و با تمرکز بر آرای هانا آرنت در این عرصه بررسی می‌شود. بر این مبنا پرسش این است که جایگاه، کارکرد و مفهوم داستان‌گویی در اندیشه آرنت چیست و عناصر و اجزای آن کدامند؟ این پژوهش بصورت توصیفی- تحلیلی، آثار و آرای آرنت را مورد تحقیق قرار می‌دهد. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد داستان در بیان معنا و انتقال مفاهیم از همه روش‌های تحلیلی، فلسفی و تاریخی سرشارتر است. داستان بهترین ابزار و بستر برای بیان، ظهور، نموداری و فهم کنش‌ها، رویدادها و پدیده‌های سیاسی و اجتماعی است. داستان‌ها افشا‌کننده کیستی، هویت قهرمانان و کنشگران و پدیده‌های منحصر به‌فرد بدون تقلیل آنها به زنجیره روابط علّی یا نظریه‌های فراگیر هستند. داستان، روایت جهان بین‌الأذهانی و کثرت بشری و نیز راهی به بی‌مرگی است. شجاعت و نشانِ قهرمانی قهرمان داستان،‌ به سخن و کنشگری او به روایت هانا آرنت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آرنت
• داستان
• کنش
• سیاست
• عمل

موضوعات

• علوم سیاسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Functions and Components of Storytelling in Politics: An Analysis Based on Hannah Arendt’s Ideas

نویسندگان [English]

• Ali TadayyonRad
• Sara Najafpour

Assistant Professor, Political Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Having a clear understanding of the features, elements, and components of storytelling from a political perspective can enhance its effectiveness in conveying complex concepts in the field of political science. Additionally, it can provide an invaluable tool for analyzing and evaluating ideas presented in a narrative format. This research aimed to examine the status and concept of storytelling, along with its key functions and elements, in the political sphere as presented in the works of Hannah Arendt. The study tried to answer the following research questions: What is the status, function, and concept of storytelling in Arendt’s ideas, and what are its essential elements and components? To answer the questions, the research conducted a descriptive–analytical examination of Arendt’s works and ideas.
Literature Review
Numerous studies have explored the relationship between storytelling and politics from various perspectives, with a significant number dedicated to political analysis of different stories and narratives. However, few studies have focused on the status, function, and components of storytelling in politics from a political perspective. Despite the valuable research already conducted in this area, a review of the literature reveals that further investigation is needed to understand the unique patterns and methods for analyzing and interpreting political stories and understanding the status of stories in politics, their components, and the relationship between storytelling and politics. This research represents a small step towards filling this gap in the literature.
Methodology
Following a qualitative approach, the present research adopted a phenomenological method developed by Hannah Arendt. Considered as a model to understand politics, Arendt’s phenomenological perspective emphasizes the (im)possibility of understanding unprecedented and unique events and occurrences; the critique of essentialism, scientism, and historicism; and the circular, practical, situated, and universal nature of phenomena (Tadayyon-Rad et al., 2015).
This method diverges from the behavioral, positivist, and scientific paradigms employed in humanities and social sciences, which aim to explain phenomena by identifying their causes, motives, and rules. Instead, the phenomenological framework for understanding political experiences and phenomena entails two dimensions: a critical, disruptive, and eliminative dimension that involves deconstructing prejudices and metaphysical fallacies, and an affirmative and constructive dimension that involves the inclusion of various methods. The rejection of metaphysical fallacies and reductionist and deterministic methods of modern science is due to their disregard for the reality of human existence and life on earth by highlighting theories of parallel universe, solipsism, etc. Concerning the positive and affirmative dimension of the model, specific methods for understanding the world and politics are employed, including storytelling, imagination of the researcher as a situated and neutral observer, differentiation, the use of paradoxes and their analysis to gain understanding, and the use of taste and imagination in comprehension.
Within this framework, this article first examined Hannah Arendt’s criticisms of modern models and methods of understanding and expression. This helps to know what should not be there in gaining a clearer understanding of the story as a viable alternative that should be there. The concept of action, as a fundamental concept in Arendt’s intellectual system, was introduced and discussed. Then the study proceeded to analyze storytelling and its components and functions in Arendt’s ideas by examining her important and relevant works.
Conclusion
There is a mutual relationship between the story and politics. Politicians and political actors often use stories to justify their actions, persuade their followers or audiences, and steer trends and actors in a desired direction through compelling narratives. Stories also help to explain causal relationships, foster greater understanding among people, and play a significant role in building collective identity and shaping collective memory among humans. For Arendt, the relationship between fiction and politics has specific components and functions that are closely tied to the foundations of her political philosophy, including the concept of action. Arendt viewed action as intersubjective, creative, initiatory, global, linguistic, and conversational, which involves public presence, initiative, dialogue, speech, reasoning, persuasion, determination in the path of ideals, and protest against the wrong. According to Arendt, stories have the capacity to express, manifest, and convey all the possibilities of action, and as such, they possess unique functions and components.
This study demonstrated that stories—compared to any analysis, philosophy, or history—offer a richer platform for the expression, emergence, depiction, and comprehension of actions, events, and political and social phenomena. Stories reveal the unique identities and characteristics of heroes, actors, and phenomena without reducing them to a linear chain of causal relationships or integrating theories. They offer a narrative of the intersubjective world and human plurality, while also serving as a means of achieving immortality. As stated by Arendt, courage and the mark of heroism belong to the speech and activism of the protagonist.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Arendt
• Action
• Politics
• Story
• Storytelling