نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات آمریکای شمالی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
امریکا ازجمله کشورهایی است که در عرصه سیاست خارجی تأکید زیادی بر راهبرد کمک‌های خارجی دارد. این راهبرد از زمان جنگ جهانی دوم تاکنون با فراز و نشیب‌هایی تداوم‌یافته است و کشورهای مختلفی را شامل شده است. بررسی کمک‌های امریکا به پاکستان حاکی از این است که این کشور طی دهه‌های گذشته بر اساس مناسبات و ضرورت‌های ژئوپلیتیکی با فراز و فرودهای زیادی درزمینه دریافت کمک‌های مالی – نظامی مواجه بوده است. این مقاله می‌کوشد به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که انگیزه‌ها و اهداف امریکا از ارائه کمک‌های خارجی در عرصه روابط بین‌الملل و به‌طور مشخص کشور پاکستان چیست؟ فرضیه مقاله این است که امریکا اهداف متعددی در زمینه ارائه کمک‌های خارجی دنبال می‌کند که تثبیت هژمونی این کشور را در نظر دارد و در ارتباط با پاکستان نیز این اهداف دنبال شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که کمک‌های خارجی به‌عنوان اهرمی واقع‌گرایانه برای افزایش قدرت و نفوذ امریکا مورداستفاده قرار می‌گیرد که به تثبیت هژمونی امریکا یاری می‌رساند. در خصوص پاکستان نیز هرچند به نظر می‌رسد کاهش این کمک‌ها پاکستان را از تعقیب سیاست‌های پرمخاطره خود در ارتباط با حمایت از گروه‌های تروریستی بازنمی‌دارد، رویکرد امریکا اعمال فشار برای پرهیز از این سیاست است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Motivations and goals of US foreign aid; a case study of Pakistan
نویسندگان [English]
- ALi Sabbaghian 1
- Masoud Fathipour 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D Student, Regional Studies/ American Studies Department of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The United States is one of the countries with a strong emphasis on foreign aid strategy in foreign policy. This strategy has continued with ups and downs since World War II and has spanned many countries. A review of US aid to Pakistan shows that the country has experienced many ups and downs in the past decades based on geopolitical relations and necessities. This article seeks to answer the question of "what are the motives and goals of the United States in providing foreign assistance in the field of international relations, and specifically in Pakistan?" Based on this hypothesis, the paper examines that the United States pursues several goals in providing foreign aid that are intended to stabilize American hegemony. The research findings show that foreign aid is being used as a realistic lever to increase US power and influence, helping to establish US hegemony. As for Pakistan, although reducing its aid does not seem to stop Pakistan from pursuing its high-risk policies in support of terrorist groups, the US approach is pushing to avoid this policy.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Foreign aid
- US foreign policy
- the Trump administration
- hegemony
- Pakistan
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