Political Strategic Studies

Abstract According to the Charter of the EU, human Rights is a cornerstone of the
EU common foreign policy. In this context, European Union's political
Negotiations urged with the Iranian authorities have criticized the human
rights situation in Iran and have urged improvement in that matter.
These criticism neglects the cultural, historical, religious,and traditions of
Iranian people. on the contrary, Islamic Republic of Iran believes that the
implementation of the human rights norms depends on social, cultural and
religious differences from one community to another.
For example, Iran believes that eye for an eye retaliatory regulations are
necessary to preserve justice and human rights and derived from the
Islamic law. Intersubjective disagreements has caused the human rights
challenge in the bilateral relations. European Union members have
frequently spoken.
against the human rights situation in Iran. Iran has tried to resolve the
dispute by all means to prevent the divergence between the two. In this
research endeavors concentrated on the study of
the role of human rights in Europe and the Islamic Republic of Iran's
political divergence.

Abstract

Abstract Asymmetric conflicts can be described as changes in the passage of time
which are way different with traditional wars. this paper reviews the nature
and extent of asymmetric conflicts such as political violence. The key
question is:to what extent political violence can be seen in the context of
asymmetric conflicts, and what mechanisms are needed to address these
conflicts? Far from a reductionist attitude,a set of solutions proposed in
order to reduce these conflicts

Abstract .
In the early decades of the twentieth century, semi-modern states emerged in Iran
and Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who managed to establish Turkey on the
remains of the Ottoman Empire, tried hard to modernize turkey with Anti-religious
approach. In Reza Khan successfully toppled the rotten Qajar Dynasty and took hold
of the throne, Likewise, he believed in modernization through the process of
westernization.
Foreign relations between two countries, and especially Reza Shah`s historic
visit to Turkey, Strengthened the theoretical bond of the two rulers.
when Rezashah returned, he became more determined in his Westernization
policy and particularly unveiling women.
Despite similar theoretical approaches and the influence of Turkey on Iran,
Comparing the westernization of Ataturk and that of Reza Shah reveals many
differences in their magnitude and range. Ataturk omitted religious ranking,
religious schools Sharia courts, and monasteries. He prohibited any religious signs
and established European anti-Islamic civil law; he promulgated the payer, Quran,
and Azan to be done in Turkish, and made a weakened change from Friday to
Sunday; none were done by Reza Shah. The resistance in the two countries was
different too. There was no social mobilization in Turkey and the resistance was
regional and temporary. The question of this paper is which factors,despite similar
theoretical approach, caused. the different achievements of Reza Shah and Ataturk.
The main factor that can explain these differences (differences in the magnitude and
the type of resistance) is "religion and the organization of clergies. Moreover, the
lack of deep thought tradition in turkey, turkey’s neighborhood with west, strong
bureaucracy remained from Ottoman Empire and finally territorial threats by Greeks
are other influential elements

Abstract In recent years, Iran- US Challenge has undergone major developments
including sanction against the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
which means rapture of Iranian transactions with the world. According to US.
officials these sanctions targeted Iranian financial capacities to ensure slower
nuclear activities and changes in the behavior of the Iranian government. Since
Islamic Republic nuclear program and its behavior and interaction with the West
are managed under competent leadership of the Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei,
assessment of his Attitude will guide us to find out the impact of the sanctions
on Islamic Republic stances. Thus, this article tries to answer the following
question: Did the sanction against Iranian centeral Bank Change the Supreme
leader anti-western stances? In order to do so, contents of leader’s 24 public
speeches analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively before and after sanction.
Authors conclude that Supreme leader anti-western stances strengthen after
Iranian Central Bank sanction

Abstract Israel is based on the ethnical-religious foundations. The political thought
and function in this regime is concentrated on racial supremacy. This
subject is apparent in the framework of their hidden and obvious
discourses. On the other hand, media is a powerful tool for transmitting
data and meaning. It has a high capacity in forming thoughts and ideas of
the audience.
Israel is an ideological regime that uses mass media for spreading and
dictating its political ideology, racial and ethnical superiority. The Israeli
media have been continuously reproducing the hidden discourse that is
concealed behind Israel's political ideology and the Zionism racism forms
they propagate. Israel elites, in the process of identity-making of their
citizens, use media to shape borders of these new identities.
This article focuses on the aspects of the the relationship among language,
discourse, ideological racism and media in the Zionist regime. through
Teun A. Van Dijk and Norman Fairclough's approach.

Abstract Concentration on the importance of “Nation-State” as a notion and the characteristics of a nation that can be seen in Nationalism has long been changed in political thought. it can be argued that nation has changed to a political term and nationalism describes different aspects of the nations.Nationalism or the nationalist sentiment is associated with positive and negative consequences. In this study, lights shed on the explanation of the contradiction or interaction between the ideology of nationalism and Islamism? Despite strong background of Nationalism in Iran, factors such as the Islamic Revolution, religious leadership Imam Khomeini and emphasis on Islam and Islamism after the Islamic Revolution emphasis on Islam and Islamism after the Finally, it is assumed that despite contradictions between the two, a positive, balanced version of nationalism is approved in Islam and Islamic internationalism is in accordance with Islamic teachings.