Political Strategic Studies

Abstract With a comparative approach, this paper tries to understand the passage
of Political Science evolution in the American and the French societies
and pursues the answer to the questions of: how this evolution occurred
in these societies and what are the mutual impacts of these procedures.
Studies reveal the fact that, despite the initial impacts of the European
school in Humanities and Social Science in 18 and 19 centuries, US
school turned the page and due to the principles and evolved regulations
became the cradle of the new Political Science and affected the whole
world including Europe and France. American evolution of Political
Science formed new Political Sociology while France has been tangled in
dominance of Law on political analysis for a long time.

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to understand and evaluate the article
“Iran: Red and Black Colonialism” as the X factor in the process of
Islamic Revolution of Iran. The main question in this article is: How this
article has acted as the X factor in the Islamic revolution of Iran, and
what characteristics it had? The theoretical framework of this article is
derived from Chalmers Johnson. The findings of this article show that the
paper played the role of the X factor in Islamic revolution of Iran and this
factor has been caused serial 40th memorandums at the beginning of the
Islamic revolution in Iran. The method of this research is historical and
the method of gathering information is documentary- library method.

Abstract The 10th presidential election in Iran is significant and should be seriously
examined not because of a razor-edge margin rivalry between Fundamentalist
and Reformist movements, but in the wake of the post-election events and
spectrum category between fundamentalists and reformists. In this article, an
effort is stepped up to study and scrutinize notes and news headlines published
in the best-selling Iranian mainstreams of Keyhan, Ettela’at and Jomhouri-e
Islami on the post-election unrests which started from June 13, 2008 [after the
announcement of early result of the election] to July 22, 2009 when the unrest
considerably abated, by using Practical Discourse Analysis Method (PDAM)
Findings show that Ettela’at daily has concentrated on “unacceptability of election
results”, “Underlining the role of internal and external elements in sparking postelection unrests” and “announcement of annulment of election results. In Jomhouri-e
Eslami daily, the articles predominantly focused on “The unacceptability of election
results”, “Underlining the role of internal elements in the aftermath of the presidential
election” and the “Solutions proposed by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani at a Friday Prayer
address to end the post-election political stalemate. Keyhan headlines, however, adopted
a U-turn and a distinctive approach where the focal point was put on “Defending
election results”, “ Linking local and external elements to fomenting unrests” and “
Defending a plan put forth by Supreme Leader” to end the post-election unrests.

Abstract The Paradigm and pattern of “Anatolian Islam “in Turkey is encountered
with the state of serious rupture between “Religion” and “Politics”. This
rupture is a result of failure in unity and also a fresh power struggle among
politicians of the ruling class in the country leading by Rajab Tayeb
Ordoghan in one hand and proponents of the Gulenist religious leader,
Fethullah Gulen, on the other hand . Occurrence of new developments
inside and outside of the country , imposed new conditions and positions on
this unity and the religious ,political pattern in Turkey , resulted in its
collapse .The Gulenist ideology and movement, arising from their relations
with the Justice and Development party , left some national and regional
effects and thus ,it can be anticipated that just like some experiences of
collapsing other political and religious movements ,ideologies and
alliances , the quake in Anatolian Islam will leave important repercussions
inside and outside of Turkey

Abstract The Islamic awaking developments in the Middle East since 2011 have
changed the regional order in many different ways and influenced
regional and trans- regional actors. In this situation, the United States
which has defined many interest in the region, has been influenced more
than the other actors. This article describes the US interests in the Middle
East and examines the Islamic awakening impacts on these interests. The
results of this research prove that the Unites States is going to control
and mange Islamic awakening impacts in the region through many
different ways including: direct military intervention, changing the ruling
elites in some states, forcing internal reform in some countries, avoiding
reliance on one ally in the region, promoting secular Islamic state,
helping civil society of some countries, promoting human rights discourse
and solving the Israeli-Palestinian peace process

Abstract The US Foreign Policy towards Israel is based on an unconditional and
comprehensive support for Israel. This strategy of offering absolute support for
Israel has interests for the United States and has also brought huge costs for
Washington. It is the purpose of this article to analyze the costs and benefits of this
strategy and to answer this question that what are benefits and costs of the US
support of Israel for this country? Based on Rational Decision Theory this article
argues that the costs of this support includes the financial burden over the US
economy in terms of loans and assistances, altering America''s relationship with the
Muslim World and the Arab world, also other social and political costs of conflicts
caused by various wars in the Middle East, such as 33 and 22-days war of Lebanon
and Gaza and also the occupation of Iraq, and finally the rise anti-Americanism
around the world. The benefits of such a support can be: the vast support that the
US administrations receives from Israel and the Zionist lobbies , and also the huge
and overwhelming Profits made by US arms companies through their arms sale to
the Middle Eastern countries due to the Middle East security situation.

Abstract Following the formation of the fourth debate in the field of international relations theory, culture became important as well as the tangible elements of shaping behaviors. In these theories, culture and strategic culture as internal factors that shape the identity of actors in the international arena became highlighted, and influenced the attitudes of elites and governments as well as the methods of crisis management of the countries. Thus, identifying factors that shape the identity of a nation and its principles, including strategic culture can help understanding the actions of nations in international crises. This issue reveals its importance in the Middle East crises (most notably the Syrian crisis) due to the great sensitivity of the region. In this paper we attempt to answer this question that, how China's strategic culture affects its behavior in international crisis management in Syria.