Political Strategic Studies

Investigating the Mix Effect of Political Marketing and Brand Equity of Political Parties on Voter Commitment and Loyalty in Iran; A Study of Eligible Citizens Voting in Tehran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhkeshin 1
Ali Monavari 2
Gholamreza Karimi 3
Mehrdad Falah 4

1 Professor, International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

4 Ph.D Student Professor, International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/qpss.2021.51360.2502
Abstract
The world of diplomacy is witnessing the introduction of new tools for diplomatic engagement. In other words, the introduction of technology, especially mass media technologies such as Twitter, has introduced a new type of diplomatic process. Twitter has become a scene of attack, criticism, and commentary by activists and politicians on a variety of political and global issues that have interactive effects. This type of diplomacy was developed by the name of "Twiplomacy" that by the beginning of the year, 193 UN member states had used this type of diplomatic process. That is, the politicians of the countries had a Twitter account. To this end, this study examines the Twitter diplomacy of the Trump presidency. The key question is how and with what narrative does Trump present his diplomacy on Twitter? To answer the research questions and achieve the desired goals, digital content analysis and discourse analysis with two techniques of categories and evaluation were used. The statistical population of this study is the sum of the tweets of the US President (Trump) Twitter pages in 2017-2019.

Keywords

Twitter Diplomacy
Content Analysis
Twitter Social Network
Trump Presidency
  • کاستلز، مانوئل، (1398)، قدرت ارتباطات، ترجمه حسین بصیریان جهرمی، تهران: انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی.
  • سلیمی، حسین و پیمان وهاب پور، (1397)، «توئیپلماسی؛ بازنمایی سیاست خارجی ایران در توئیتر»، فصلنامه مطالعات رسانه­های نوین، سال چهارم، شماره 14.
  • سعیدی، روح­الامین، (1396)، «چرایی ظهور دیپلماسی نوین در بستر متحول نظام جهانی»، فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین‌الملل، سال دهم، شماره 37.
  • سیمبر، رضا، ارسلان قربانی شـیخ­نشـین، (1388)، «دیپلماسـی نـوین در روابـط خـارجی رویکردها و ابزارهای متغیر»، فصلنامه روابط خارجی، سال اول، شماره 4.
  • عاملی، حامد، خرازی آذر، رها و افسانه مظفری، (1396)، «نقش­ تکنولوژی­های نوین رسانه­ای در دیپلماسی رسانه­ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران»، فصلنامه راهبرد اجتماعی فرهنگی، سال ششم، شماره 22 .
  • هادیان، ناصر وروح الامین سعیدی، (1392)، «از دیپلماسی عمومی سنتی تا دیپلماسی عمومی نوین: رویکردی هابرماسی»، راهبرد، سال بیست و دوم، پاییز، شماره 68.
  • وحیدی، موسی­الرضا، (1397)، «زبان دیپلماتیک: ابزار مهم دیپلماسی عمومی جدید»، فصلنامه سیاست خارجی، سال 23، شماره 2.

References                                 

  • Ahmadian, S., Azarshahi, S., and D. L. Paulhus, (2017), “Explaining Donald Trump via Communication Style: Grandiosity, Informality, and Dynamism”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.107.
  • Apps, P, (2016), “Commentary: Trump’s Brave New World of Twitter Diplomacy”, Reuters, December 5, n.p. from reuters. com/ article/us-apps twittercommentary-idUSKBN13U2VX.
  • Baker-Jordan, S, (2017), “None of the US Papers Put Theresa May's Visit to the White House on their Front Page, It's time to Face Our Insignificance”, from- http:// independent. co. uk/ voices/ theresa- may-trumpvisit-newspapers-american-press-insignificance-a7550686.
  • Bjola, C., and M. Holmes, (2015), Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, Oxford, UK:
  • Caliandro, A., and A. Gandini, (2017), Qualitative Research in Digital Environments: A Research Toolkit, London: Routledge.
  • Caliandro, A., and A. Simunjak, (2019), “Twiplomacy in the age of Donald Trump: Is the diplomatic code changing?”, The Information Society, Published: https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2018.1542646.
  • Cassidy, J., and I. Manor, (2016), “Crafting Strategic MFA Communication Policies During Times of Political Crisis: A Note to MFA Policy Makers”, Global Affairs, Vol. 2.
  • Crockett, Z, (2016), “What I learned analyzing 7 months of Donald Trump’s Tweets”,com, from https:// www. vox. com/ 2016/ 5/16/ 11603854/donald-trump-twitter.
  • Crowley, M., McCaskill, N., and L. Nelson, (2017), “Trump Picks Up the Phone, Sets Off Diplomatic Chaos”, From http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/trump-foreign-policy-rhetoric-iran-australia-mexico- 234531.
  • Dejevsky, M, (2017), “In defence of Donald Trump’s Twitter Diplomacy”, from https:// theguardian. com/ commentisfree /2017/ feb/ 05/ in? defence? of? Twitter? Diplomcy.
  • Enli, G, (2017), “Twitter as Arena for the Authentic Outsider: Exploring the Social Media Campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US Presidential Election”, European Journal of Communication, Vol. 32.
  • Freedman, R.O, (2017), “The Obama Legacy in the Middle East and the Trump Challenge”, India Quarterly, Vol. 73.
  • Gabler, N. (2016). “Donald Trump, the emperor of social media”, from: https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/04/30/donald-trump-emperor-social-media.
  • Hocking, B., and J. Melissen, (2015), Diplomacy in the Digital Age, Clingendael, The Netherlands: Institute of International Relations.
  • Huang, K, (2017), “State Media Criticism of Trump’s “Addiction to Twitter Diplomacy” Signals China’s Frustration”, South China Morning Post, January 4.
  • Jönsson, C., and M. Hall, (2005), Essence of Diplomacy, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave
  • Lee, J., and Y. Lim, (2016), “Gendered Campaign Tweets: The Cases of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump”, Public Relations Review, Vol. 42.
  • Lewis, S.C., Zamith R, and A. Hermida, (2013), “Content Analysis in an Era of Big Data: A Hybrid Approach to Computational and Manual Methods”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol. 57.
  • Lüfkens, M, (2017), “Twiplomacy Study 2017”, from http:// com/ blog/ twiplomacy-study-2017/.
  • Nakamura, D., and A. Fifield, (2017), “Trump Targeted Japan During the Campaign, Now Its Prime Minister is Embracing the New President”, Washington Post, February 9.
  • Ott, B. L, (2017), “The Age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the Politics of Debasement”, Critical Studies in Media Communication, Vol. 34.
  • Sharp, P, (2001), Talking to Americans: Problems of Language and Diplomacy, In Languageand Diplomacy, Eds, Malta: University of Malta.
  • Stein, J. (Ed.). (2011), Diplomacy in the Digital Age, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
  • Tremonti, A. M, (2016), “Diplomacy in the Trump Era Poses Challenges for World Leaders”, from http:// www. cbc. ca/ radio/thecurrent/thecurrent-for37.november-18-2016-1.3855509/ diplomacy- in- the- trump- era- poses- challenge- to- worldleaders-1.3855645.
  • Twiplomacy Study, )2018(, Published at: https:// twiplomacy. com/ blog/twiplomacy-study-2018/.
  • Wiseman, G, (2005), “Pax Americana: Bumping Into Diplomatic Culture”, International Studies Perspectives, Vol .6.
  • Wong, S. S, (2016), “Emotions and the Communication of Intentions in Face-to-face Diplomacy”, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 22.

Article View 23,548
PDF Download 3,020

Main Page

Editorial Board

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us