Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Babolsar city vali asr avenu.2 Kamili tower.9 floor.5 unit5.

Abstract

The center of gravity of the world economy is shifting from the West to the Asian continent with China. China's new Silk Road initiative is one of the most important indicators of the shift in centrality. The key question is what strategy has Europe taken towards the Silk Road initiative? The research hypothesis suggests that European countries are skeptical about China's true aims and intentions in presenting the Silk Road initiative. In this regard, Europe seeks to pursue China's strategy of assimilating and then controlling it through prudent cooperation with China to advance the plan. The findings of the study showed that, from the perspective of the European Union, although China is trying to be transparent about its strategy, the purpose of the Silk Road strategy for cooperation with the European Union or some European countries has not been specified. The European Union believes China's approach is to trade unilaterally and export goods to Europe. The research topic is examined in accordance with the theoretical framework of the Beijing Consensus. The method of measuring and examining the subject is a descriptive-analytical method.

Keywords

الف- فارسی
-   الوند، مرضیه سادات و عسگرخانی، ابومحمد، (1392)، «کار ویژه‌های قدرت نرم در سیاست خارجی چین»، پژوهشنامه ایرانی سیاست بین‌الملل، سال سوم، پاییز و زمستان، شماره 1 .
-   امیراحمدیان، بهرام و صالحی دولت آباد، روح الله، (1395)، «ابتکار جاده ابریشم جدید چین )اهداف، موانع و چالش ها(»، فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین‌الملل، سال نهم، زمستان، شماره 36 .
-   شیرخانی، محمدعلی و ارغوانی پیرسلامی، فریبرز ،(1392)، «اجماع پکن؛ الگوی نوین توسعه در عصر جهانی شده»، فصلنامه سیاست، دوره 46 ، بهار، شماره1.
-   صالحی، مختار و حسن زاده، فرامرز، (1395)، «بررسی تطبیقی اجماع پکن و اجماع واشنگتن»، فصلنامه روابط خارجی، سال هشتم، زمستان، شماره 4.
-   موسوی شفایی، مسعود، (1394)، «نسل پنجم رهبران چین و ابتکار کمربند اقتصاد جاده ابریشم»، فصلنــامه پژوهش‌هاى روابط بین‌الملل، دوره نخست، شماره 17.
 
ب- انگلیسی
-  Barisitz, Stephan; Radzyner, Alice, (2018), The New Silk Road: Implications for Europe, SUERF Policy Note, Issue No 25, January.
 - Brakmana, Steven; Frankopanb, c, Peter; Garretsend, Harry and van Marrewijke, Charles, (2019), “The New Silk Roads: an introduction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Vol.12, No.1, doi:10.1093/cjres/rsy037.
 - Bryant, Octavia; Mark, Chou, (2016), “China’s New Silk Road Autocracy Promotion in the New Asian Order?”, Democratic Theory, Winter, Vol. 3, Issue 2.
 - Dimitrijevic, Duško; Jokanovic, Nikola, (2016), “Chania's “New Silk Road” development strategy”, The Review of International Affairs, January –March, Vol. LXVII, No. 1161.
 - Ekman, Alice, (2017), “China's New Silk Roads: A Flexible Implementation Process, from Words to (Re)action? “, IN: Alic Ekman & et al, Three Years of China's New Silk Roads, Brussels: Ifri.
- European Commission, (2016), Joint Communication to European Parliament and the Council, Elements for a New EU Strategy on China, Brussels, 22.6.
 - Eurostat, (2019), European Union, Trade in Goods with China, available at: https:// webgate. ec. europa. eu/ isdb_results/ factsheets/ country/details_china_ en.pdf.
 - Fallon, Theresa, (2015), “The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia”, American Foreign Policy Interests, Vol.37, No.3.
 - Fedorenko, Vladimir, (2013), The New Silk Road Initiative's in Central Asia, Washington, DC: Rethink Institute.
 - García-Herrero, Alicia., Kwok, K.C., Xiangdong, Liu., Summers, Tim., and Yansheng, Zhang, (2017), EU–China Economic Relations to 2025 Building a Common Future, A Joint Report by Bruegel, Chatham House, China Center for International Economic Exchanges and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, London: Chatham House.
 - Ghiasy, Richard and Zhou, jiayi, (2017), The Silk Road Economic Belt Considering Security Implications and EU–China Cooperation Prospects, Sweden: SIPRI.
 - Hasmath, Reza, (2014), White Cat, Black Cat or Good Cat: The Beijing Consensus as an Alternative Philosophy for Policy Deliberation? The Case of China, Oxford: University of Oxford.
 - JANKOVIĆ, Aleksandar, (2016), “New Silk Road – New Growth Engine”, The Review of International Affairs, January –March, Vol. lxvii, No. 1161.
 - Jing, Huang, (2015), The Prospect of Sino-European Cooperation on Chinas One-Belt-One-Road Initiative, Discussion Paper in 12th Annual Conference on the Taiwan Issue in China-Europe Relations, Shanghai, September, 21-22.
 - Junxian, Gan; Yan, Mao, (2016), “China’s New Silk Road: Where Does It Lead?”, Asian Perspective, Vol.40, No.1.
 - Macaes, Bruno, (2016), Chines Belt Road: Destination Europe, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Europe, November 9.
 -Makocki, Michal, (2016), “MThe EU Level: ‘Belt and Road
Initiative Slowly Coming to Terms with the EU Rules-Based Approach”, IN Europe and China’s New Silk Roads, Edited by: Frans-Paul Van Ver Putten, John Seaman, Mikko Huotari, Alice Ekman, Miguel Otero-Iglesias, A Report by the ETNC, December.
 - Marcin, Kaczmarski, (2016), “An Essential Partner in the Background Europe in China’s Policy During the Rule of Xi Jinping”, Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia, Centre for Eastern Studies, No. 56.
 - Nicolas Francoise, (2017), “The Economics of OBOR: Putting Chines Interests First”, IN: Alic Ekman & et al, Three Years of China's New Silk Roads, Brussels: Ifri.
 - Ramo, Joshua C, (2004), The Beijing Consensus, London: The Foreign Policy Center.
 - Sachdeva, Gulshan; Karine, Lisbonne de Vergeron, (2018), European and Indian Perceptions of the Belt and Road Initiative, EU: The Global Policy Institute.
 - Schiek, Sebastian, (2017), Movement on the Silk Road, Translation by Martin Haynes, Berlin: SWP Research Paper, November.
 - The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission, (2016), Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21stCentury Maritime Silk Road, March, available at: http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201503/t20150330_669367.html.
 - The Shanghai Stock Exchange, (2017), The Belt and Road Initiative: Reshaping the Global Value Chain, 23 May.
 - Van Der Putten, Frans –Paul; Seaman, John; Huotari, Mikko; Ekman, Alice; Otero-Iglesias, Miguel, (2016), “The Role of OBOR in Europe–China RelationsIN Europe and China’s New Silk Roads, Edited by: Frans-Paul Van der Putten, John Seaman, Mikko Huotari, Alice Ekman, Miguel Otero-Iglesias, A Report by the ETNC, December.
 - Van Ham, Peter, (2016), Brexit: Strategic Consequences for Europe, The Netherlands: Clingendael Report.
 - Wang, Xieshu; RUET, Joel; Richer, Xavier, (2017), One Belt One Road and the reconfiguration of China-EU relations, Paris: Université Paris, Centre d'économie de l'Université Paris Nord, March.
 - Wittine, Zoran; Josic, Hrvoje; and Barisic, Antea, (2018), Analysis of characteristics and potential effects of the new silk road initiative, Conference of the International Journal of Arts & Sciences, CD-ROM. ISSN: 1943-6114: 11(02):255–260.
 - Xinhua News Agency, (2019), China's Goods Trade with B&R Countries Reaches over 6 trillion Dollars, 2019-04-19, available in: https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/qwyw/rdxw/86301.htm.
 - Zimmerman, Thomas, (2015), The New Silk Roads: China, the U.S., and the Future of Central Asia, New York University: Center on International Cooperation, October.