Majid Abbasi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 9-41
Abstract
According to the Charter of the EU, human Rights is a cornerstone of theEU common foreign policy. In this context, European Union's politicalNegotiations urged with the Iranian authorities have criticized the humanrights situation in Iran and have urged improvement in that matter.These criticism neglects ...
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According to the Charter of the EU, human Rights is a cornerstone of theEU common foreign policy. In this context, European Union's politicalNegotiations urged with the Iranian authorities have criticized the humanrights situation in Iran and have urged improvement in that matter.These criticism neglects the cultural, historical, religious,and traditions ofIranian people. on the contrary, Islamic Republic of Iran believes that theimplementation of the human rights norms depends on social, cultural andreligious differences from one community to another.For example, Iran believes that eye for an eye retaliatory regulations arenecessary to preserve justice and human rights and derived from theIslamic law. Intersubjective disagreements has caused the human rightschallenge in the bilateral relations. European Union members havefrequently spoken.against the human rights situation in Iran. Iran has tried to resolve thedispute by all means to prevent the divergence between the two. In thisresearch endeavors concentrated on the study ofthe role of human rights in Europe and the Islamic Republic of Iran'spolitical divergence.
Mohsen Smaeili; Hamid Ballaee
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 43-75
Ali Ashraf Nazari; Aboozar Behzadi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 75-99
Abstract
Asymmetric conflicts can be described as changes in the passage of timewhich are way different with traditional wars. this paper reviews the natureand extent of asymmetric conflicts such as political violence. The keyquestion is:to what extent political violence can be seen in the context ofasymmetric ...
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Asymmetric conflicts can be described as changes in the passage of timewhich are way different with traditional wars. this paper reviews the natureand extent of asymmetric conflicts such as political violence. The keyquestion is:to what extent political violence can be seen in the context ofasymmetric conflicts, and what mechanisms are needed to address theseconflicts? Far from a reductionist attitude,a set of solutions proposed inorder to reduce these conflicts
Hamid Nassaj
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 101-130
Abstract
.In the early decades of the twentieth century, semi-modern states emerged in Iranand Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who managed to establish Turkey on theremains of the Ottoman Empire, tried hard to modernize turkey with Anti-religiousapproach. In Reza Khan successfully toppled the rotten Qajar Dynasty ...
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.In the early decades of the twentieth century, semi-modern states emerged in Iranand Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who managed to establish Turkey on theremains of the Ottoman Empire, tried hard to modernize turkey with Anti-religiousapproach. In Reza Khan successfully toppled the rotten Qajar Dynasty and took holdof the throne, Likewise, he believed in modernization through the process ofwesternization.Foreign relations between two countries, and especially Reza Shah`s historicvisit to Turkey, Strengthened the theoretical bond of the two rulers.when Rezashah returned, he became more determined in his Westernizationpolicy and particularly unveiling women.Despite similar theoretical approaches and the influence of Turkey on Iran,Comparing the westernization of Ataturk and that of Reza Shah reveals manydifferences in their magnitude and range. Ataturk omitted religious ranking,religious schools Sharia courts, and monasteries. He prohibited any religious signsand established European anti-Islamic civil law; he promulgated the payer, Quran,and Azan to be done in Turkish, and made a weakened change from Friday toSunday; none were done by Reza Shah. The resistance in the two countries wasdifferent too. There was no social mobilization in Turkey and the resistance wasregional and temporary. The question of this paper is which factors,despite similartheoretical approach, caused. the different achievements of Reza Shah and Ataturk.The main factor that can explain these differences (differences in the magnitude andthe type of resistance) is "religion and the organization of clergies. Moreover, thelack of deep thought tradition in turkey, turkey’s neighborhood with west, strongbureaucracy remained from Ottoman Empire and finally territorial threats by Greeksare other influential elements
Ali Adami; Ehsan Movahedian; Reza Niknam
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 131-161
Abstract
In recent years, Iran- US Challenge has undergone major developmentsincluding sanction against the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iranwhich means rapture of Iranian transactions with the world. According to US.officials these sanctions targeted Iranian financial capacities to ensure slowernuclear ...
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In recent years, Iran- US Challenge has undergone major developmentsincluding sanction against the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iranwhich means rapture of Iranian transactions with the world. According to US.officials these sanctions targeted Iranian financial capacities to ensure slowernuclear activities and changes in the behavior of the Iranian government. SinceIslamic Republic nuclear program and its behavior and interaction with the Westare managed under competent leadership of the Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei,assessment of his Attitude will guide us to find out the impact of the sanctionson Islamic Republic stances. Thus, this article tries to answer the followingquestion: Did the sanction against Iranian centeral Bank Change the Supremeleader anti-western stances? In order to do so, contents of leader’s 24 publicspeeches analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively before and after sanction.Authors conclude that Supreme leader anti-western stances strengthen afterIranian Central Bank sanction
Amir Rezaei Panah; Mohammad Hossein Hajilou
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 163-196
Abstract
Israel is based on the ethnical-religious foundations. The political thoughtand function in this regime is concentrated on racial supremacy. Thissubject is apparent in the framework of their hidden and obviousdiscourses. On the other hand, media is a powerful tool for transmittingdata and meaning. It ...
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Israel is based on the ethnical-religious foundations. The political thoughtand function in this regime is concentrated on racial supremacy. Thissubject is apparent in the framework of their hidden and obviousdiscourses. On the other hand, media is a powerful tool for transmittingdata and meaning. It has a high capacity in forming thoughts and ideas ofthe audience.Israel is an ideological regime that uses mass media for spreading anddictating its political ideology, racial and ethnical superiority. The Israelimedia have been continuously reproducing the hidden discourse that isconcealed behind Israel's political ideology and the Zionism racism formsthey propagate. Israel elites, in the process of identity-making of theircitizens, use media to shape borders of these new identities.This article focuses on the aspects of the the relationship among language,discourse, ideological racism and media in the Zionist regime. throughTeun A. Van Dijk and Norman Fairclough's approach.
Amir Masoud Shahramnia
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, Pages 197-217
Abstract
Concentration on the importance of “Nation-State” as a notion and the
characteristics of a nation that can be seen in Nationalism has long been
changed in political thought. it can be argued that nation has changed to a
political term and nationalism describes different aspects of the
nations.Nationalism ...
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Concentration on the importance of “Nation-State” as a notion and the
characteristics of a nation that can be seen in Nationalism has long been
changed in political thought. it can be argued that nation has changed to a
political term and nationalism describes different aspects of the
nations.Nationalism or the nationalist sentiment is associated with
positive and negative consequences. In this study, lights shed on the
explanation of the contradiction or interaction between the ideology of
nationalism and Islamism? Despite strong background of Nationalism in
Iran, factors such as the Islamic Revolution, religious leadership Imam
Khomeini and emphasis on Islam and Islamism after the Islamic
Revolution emphasis on Islam and Islamism after the
Finally, it is assumed that despite contradictions between the two, a
positive, balanced version of nationalism is approved in Islam and Islamic
internationalism is in accordance with Islamic teachings.
