نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه مطالعات و سیاست منطقه ای و جهانی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل/ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
انقلاب ایران منجر به اتخاذ رویکردی تهاجمی در سیاست خارجی آمریکا در قبال ایران شد، موضوعی که با تغییر هر یک از روسای جمهور شکل متفاوتی یافت. با توجه به این زمینه و نقش مهم ریاست جمهوری در سیاست خارجی آمریکا و این موضوع که بررسی تحولات زندگی و شخصیت روسای جمهور بخش قابل توجهی از مطالعات روان‌شناسی سیاسی را به خود اختصاص داده است؛ این پژوهش در جستجوی یافتن تأثیرات روان‌شناختی زندگی جورج دبلیو بوش و شخصیت او بر رویکرد کلان سیاست خارجی آمریکا و مشخصاً در قبال ایران است. چارچوب نظری در این پژوهش، مدل «فعال‌کننده، عقاید و نتایج» آلبرت الیس، روانشناس آمریکایی است. این رویکرد با بررسی نقش حوادث و نحوه تفسیر آن‌ها از سوی افراد به بررسی وضعیت روانی می‌پردازد. در واقع داده‌های مورد استفاده، داده‌های زندگینامه‌های بوش است که بر مبنای روشی تاریخی و طولی مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرند. در ادامه با تعیین مصادیق «فعال‌کننده»، «عقاید» و «نتایج» چرخه روان‌شناختی بوش توصیف و تبیین شده است و خصوصیات شخصیتی او مانند هیجان‌طلبی، رفتارهای تکانشی و برونگرایی استخراج گردیده است. نتایج بیانگر تأثیر تعیین‌کننده خصوصیات شخصیتی بوش در رویکرد کلان سیاست خارجی دولتش تصمیمات مهم مانند حمله به عراق و همچنین قرار دادن ایران در محور شرارت و پرونده هسته‌ای است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Examining the Impact of Personality Factor on Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Case Study of George W. Bush's Foreign Policy Towards Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Hossein Pourahmadi Meybodi 1
- Mohammad Soltanpour 2
1 Professor , International Relations Department, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student, International Relations, Department of Political Science International Relations, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The Iranian revolution caused an offensive approach in the American foreign policy towards Iran, and US Offensive foreign policy has taken a different form with the change of each of the presidents. Based on the critical role of the presidency in US foreign policy and the fact that the study of lives and personalities of presidents has been a significant part of the study of political psychology. The study seeks to find the psychological effects of the life of George W. Bush and his personality on the macro approach of US foreign policy, specifically to Iran. The theoretical framework in this study is the "activator, ideas and results" model of Albert Ellis, an American psychologist. This approach examines the psychological state by examining the role of events and how they are interpreted by individuals. In fact, the data used is data from Bush's biographies, which are examined in a historical and longitudinal way. In the following, Bush's psychological cycle is described and explained by determining the examples of "activator", "ideas" and "results", and his personality traits such as excitement, impulsive behaviors and extraversion are extracted. The results show the decisive influence of Bush's personality traits on his administration's macro-foreign policy approach and important decisions such as the invasion of Iraq, as well as placing Iran at the center of evil and the nuclear issue.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- US Foreign Policy
- Political Psychology
- Islamic Republic of Iran
- George Bush
- Personality
فارسی
- اسلامی، محسن و نقدی، فرزانه، (۱۳۹۵)، «ابزار تحریم و سیاست خارجی امریکا در قبال ایران»، روابط خارجی، ۳۲(۸)، ۳۷-۷۱.
- جمشیدی، محمد، (1394)، جنبش راست مسیحی و سیاست خارجی آمریکا، چاپ اول، تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
- دهشیار، حسین، (۱۳۸۳)، سیاست خارجی آمریکا بعد از یازده سپتامبر، اول، تهران: خط سوم.
- غرایاق زندی، داود، (۱۳۸۸)، «سیاست خارجی دولت دوم جورج واکر بوش در قبال ایران: سیاست سد نفوذ (۸-۲۰۰۴)»، مطالعات راهبردی، ۴۳ (۱۲)، ۸۳-۱۱۸.
- هاوتن، دیوید پاتریک، (۱۳۹۶)، روان‌شناسی سیاسی، موقعیت‌ها، اهداف و مصادیق، ترجمه علی‌اشرف نظری و شهرزاد مفتوح، چاپ دوم، تهران: قومس.
- هاوتون، دیوید پاتریک، (۱۳۹۳)، سیاست خارجی آمریکا و بحران گروگان‌گیری در ایران، ترجمه وحید مردانه شره جینی، تهران: مرکز اسناد انقلاب اسلامی.
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