Hossein Deheshyar; Syed mohammad Aminabadi
Abstract
Identity can be considered as a link between Constructivism theory and theoretical studies related to international crises. According to a Constructivist Point of View, identities are the basis of interests and roles, and actors determine their friend and Enemy based on the identity they envision for ...
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Identity can be considered as a link between Constructivism theory and theoretical studies related to international crises. According to a Constructivist Point of View, identities are the basis of interests and roles, and actors determine their friend and Enemy based on the identity they envision for themselves. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present article is to answer this question: What role does Identity play in International Crises? In answer to this question, using the descriptive-analytical methods, we seek to test Hypothesis that if actors with inconsistent identities are involved in a crisis the crisis will have a high potential for intensification and expansion, and will most likely lead to the use of violent methods of crisis management. The best application of this hypothesis is the Syrian crisis. The beginning of the Syrian crisis was strongly influenced by the identity crisis within the Syrian government, and for this reason, two identity conflicts (Neo-Salafi-Alavi) and (Kurdish-Arabic) were highlighted in this crisis., Subsequently, two revolutionary and conservative axes led by Iran and Saudi Arabia, as well as the third actor, Erdogan, entered the crisis and used all their power and proxy forces and allies to eliminate their "other" identities in Syria.
mahdieh heydari; HOSSIEN DAHESHIAR
Abstract
The most serious threat that is perceived by each of the carriers involved in the crisis in an international crisis is "the threat of their fundamental values." Through an analytical descriptive method, this paper seeks to understand why Iran's direct violence to manage crises Syria. So the main question ...
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The most serious threat that is perceived by each of the carriers involved in the crisis in an international crisis is "the threat of their fundamental values." Through an analytical descriptive method, this paper seeks to understand why Iran's direct violence to manage crises Syria. So the main question of the research is why Iran is using maximum violence to manage the Syrian crisis? The temporary response is that Iran has used the highest levels of violence to manage the crisis on the basis of the perception of the threat to its fundamental values in the Syrian crisis. In this study, using Stanford's model of crisis management, we conclude that the perception of the threat to Iran's fundamental values in the Syrian crisis that threatens Iran's territorial integrity, its strategic depth, the threat of the collapse of the resistance axis, and, ultimately, the imbalance of ideology in area in the Syrian crisis has called for a violent response from Iran. The data collection and information collection in this study is based on a library method that includes the use of internal books and articles and foreign, publications and press and internet sites are valid.
Abstract
In recent years we have witnessed lots of changes in the Middle East that have international aspects and influenced regional coalitions. The US-Saudi coalition is one of these regional coalition which has been the source of contradictions due to the world changes. In addition to the mentioned variables, ...
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In recent years we have witnessed lots of changes in the Middle East that have international aspects and influenced regional coalitions. The US-Saudi coalition is one of these regional coalition which has been the source of contradictions due to the world changes. In addition to the mentioned variables, the events of 11/9 which Saudi Arabia had been accused of, international variable which has influenced the relations between the two states and getting the case under reconsideration in the Congress has played a determinative role in intensifying the tensions between them. This article seeks to discuss the US foreign policy toward these changes which are originated from Middle East and the effects applied to the US-Saudi relations. The premise which is going to be considered on behalf of this issue is the US policies toward the changes and regional and trans-regional dynamics related to Middle East which resulted in divergence between the US-Saudi relations in 2010-2016 has distinguished its controversial aspects. The research method of this article is desk study-documentary method.
Asadollah moradi; Amir Masood Shahramnia
Volume 4, Issue 15 , March 2016, , Pages 125-152
Abstract
This article considering the position of Syria in the regional policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, trying to answer the question of whether the crisis in Syria will affect Iran's regional security?In response to this question the research hypothesis is that the crisis in Syria due to its geopolitical ...
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This article considering the position of Syria in the regional policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, trying to answer the question of whether the crisis in Syria will affect Iran's regional security?In response to this question the research hypothesis is that the crisis in Syria due to its geopolitical and geostrategic position and its place in the main cycle of resistance can weaken Iran's regional security. The main purpose of this article is to analyze Iran's regional security in the light of the developments in Syria. Methodology of the research is descriptive-analytic, trying to discuss the influences of independent variable. Results of the research show that with continuity of the Syrian crisis, Iran regional security will face different threats such as weakening the axis of resistance, formation ofdiscoursiveconflicts, intensify sectarian and religious tensions, and etc. Theoretical backbone of the research is based on "Copenhagen School" on regional security.
Mahdi Hedayati Shahidani; Roman Vladimirovich Pinkovtsev
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2015, , Pages 61-85
Abstract
The natures of international phenomena have shown that great powers, far beyond different kinds of rivalries, tend to stabilize equation of power in the international environment. With outbreak of the Syrian crisis, Signs of this type of relationship has been observed between Russia and the United States ...
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The natures of international phenomena have shown that great powers, far beyond different kinds of rivalries, tend to stabilize equation of power in the international environment. With outbreak of the Syrian crisis, Signs of this type of relationship has been observed between Russia and the United States since 2011. The main features of these relations include concepts such as Encouragement, Containment, Withdraw, and Resolution Building. In this paper, we review the functions of each of these concepts trough the Modelski crisis management model. The question of the paper highlights the main strategy of the two major powers, Russia and the United States, towards the Syrian crisis. Results reveal that the two consider mutual interaction and international interests in crisis management measures. Hence, they approaching the pattern of competition and cooperation, remaining from the Cold War.
Ali Reza Kooh kan; Saei Tajari
Volume 3, Issue 10 , February 2015, , Pages 113-128
Abstract
Abstract With the onset of the political crisis in Syria, regional and trans-regional actors began to adopt different stances according to their interests in relation to this country which has a special geopolitical and geostrategic importance in the Middle East. Meanwhile, continuous efforts ...
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Abstract With the onset of the political crisis in Syria, regional and trans-regional actors began to adopt different stances according to their interests in relation to this country which has a special geopolitical and geostrategic importance in the Middle East. Meanwhile, continuous efforts of some governments to put pressure on and overthrow the Assad regime are one of the obvious factors in Syrian dilemma which have added to the complexity of the situation in this country. In order to contain Iran as part of its foreign policy strategy, Saudi Arabia as a regional actor has played a significant role in the changes in Syria. Saudi Arabia has initiated extensive measures, from financial and spiritual support of al-Qaeda militants to active participation in the Western-Arab axis, in order to persuade other countries to support the Syrian opposition and launched ceaseless efforts to attack this country. This article studies the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia and the interests and efforts of this country in the internal changes of Syria. The results of this analysis show that Saudi Arabia has entered the Syrian crisis with the aim of improving its own regional position and, in this regard, has adopted policies that will cause damage to the long-term interests of this country.
