International Relations
Mohammad Ali Basiri; Milad Mirinamniha
Abstract
Conceptually, identity refers to a set of perceptual characteristics of people and human societies to distinguish them from each other. This concept has always transformed into a pretext to satisfy the subjective interests of governments at transnational levels. Securitization is one of the important ...
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Conceptually, identity refers to a set of perceptual characteristics of people and human societies to distinguish them from each other. This concept has always transformed into a pretext to satisfy the subjective interests of governments at transnational levels. Securitization is one of the important strategies to implement this process, but the experiences resulting from the application of this strategy in different eras always show damage to the objective development of the countries in the long term. Therefore, the question is how identity securitization in foreign policy causes conflict between subjective and objective interests. Emphasizing Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and China as examples, the researchers' hypothesis states that identity securitization in foreign policy causes the deterioration of the objective development of the country and the crystallization of its conflict with the subjective interests of government due to the depletion of economic and human resources to impose semantic coercive on others, along with the obvious reaction of others to this action. Taking advantage of the innovative analytical orientation based on the Copenhagen school's securitization theory, ultimately led to the confirmation of the mentioned hypothesis in the end. The method of this research was descriptive-analytical combined with the use of library and
Abbas Soleimani; Hakem Ghasemi; Masoud Alborzi Verki; Iraj Goljani Amirkhiz; Abbas Moghtadaie
Abstract
The study, legislative futures, aims to observe the conflictual futures in legislative governance of Islamic Parliament and is focused on the concept of “Proportion of Alternative Futures” including conflict, cooperation and coordination. Observation is a form of prognosis, so achieving such ...
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The study, legislative futures, aims to observe the conflictual futures in legislative governance of Islamic Parliament and is focused on the concept of “Proportion of Alternative Futures” including conflict, cooperation and coordination. Observation is a form of prognosis, so achieving such a thing leads to making the legislative system agile and responsive and reacting roactively and on time in the face of new and emerging legislative changes and transformations. “In which direction will the future of conflictual futures in legislative governance move?” is researched. In two sections “Proportion of Alternative Futures” and “Conflictual Futures of Legislations” with the help of two separate questionnaires, experts’ opinions and Fuzzy Delphi, experts’ opinions have been collected and analyzed. The results of the research are implied on: The strengthening of the executive ranch and weakening of the role and position of legislative branch; The strengthening of the customary and popular aspect; The strengthening of lobbying and the weakening of legal procedure; The growth of the position of technology and artificial intelligence; Centeralism and unicameral state; and inability to achieve partisanship.
Sajad Bahrami Moghadam
Abstract
This paper, in an explanatory method and from the perspective of the balance-of-interest theory, shows that US-Saudi relations are based on the complex pattern of cooperation while conflicts of interest in different geopolitical contexts, and conflict of interest impedes the promotion of cooperation ...
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This paper, in an explanatory method and from the perspective of the balance-of-interest theory, shows that US-Saudi relations are based on the complex pattern of cooperation while conflicts of interest in different geopolitical contexts, and conflict of interest impedes the promotion of cooperation between the two governments to a strategic alliance and at the same time benefits The common cause has been the collapse of relations between the two governments, so issues such as arms agreements or different positions of the two governments in the Middle East crisis do not lead to a fundamental change in their relations. The findings also show that the formation and continuity of the two governments' ties has security implications, and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken advantage of American power to counter its regional rivals, and the fears of Iran, especially over the last decade, have been a powerful impetus to policies Saudi Arabia's Middle East has been feared that its severity is rooted in Saudi Arabian supremacy and vulnerabilities towards Iran, in which the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has found Iran's defensive influence in the Middle East with aggressive intent with its predecessors. Accordingly, the author pointed out at the end of the necessity of a regional dialogue forum in the Persian Gulf region with a view to reducing the submissions of the behavior and intentions of the neighbors
