Political Sociology
Akbar Zolfaghari; Taha Ashayeri; Tahereh Jahanparvar
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to combine the findings of qualitative and quantitative research on the obstacles to women's political participation in Iran.The research method is a Meta synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies in the period of 2007-2021 with a non-probability deliberate ...
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The purpose of this research is to combine the findings of qualitative and quantitative research on the obstacles to women's political participation in Iran.The research method is a Meta synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies in the period of 2007-2021 with a non-probability deliberate method; the sample size is equal to 23 research documents. These documents were selected according to the credibility and validity of the research, the quality of the research, the scientific-research criteria, and the relationship with the obstacles to women's political participation. The research findings show that the main obstacles to women's political participation in Iran are divided into six categories: social, cultural, political, economic, psychological and demographic obstacles; that, social barriers including the male atmosphere of society, social discrimination: genderization of jobs; Cultural barriers such as tradition and cultural norms, educational system, tribal-patriarchal patterns; Political obstacles include political obstruction, political beliefs, male political dominance, low political culture; Economic obstacles including economic inequality, economic anomie, financial dependence; And psychological obstacles include low self-confidence, psychological beliefs, feeling of psychological anomie) and demographic (climate, location, family, physiological. The political participation of women as a large part of the country's population leads to the improvement of the decision-making situation,
Political economy
malek Avarideh; ali Mokhtari; ali bagheri dolatabadi
Abstract
In foreign policy, America has always used sanctions as an inhumane tool against countries that are not aligned with it. This approach was intensified during the presidency of Donald Trump and included the fields of finance, banking, insurance, transportation and shipping. The main question is what effect ...
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In foreign policy, America has always used sanctions as an inhumane tool against countries that are not aligned with it. This approach was intensified during the presidency of Donald Trump and included the fields of finance, banking, insurance, transportation and shipping. The main question is what effect has the imposed sanctions of the Trump administration had on the social and political capital of Iran? The hypothesis of the research points to the reduction of Iran's social and politicalcapital during the tightening of sanctions. A explanatory-analytical method based on library documents and data has been used to measure the research hypothesis. The findings of the research show that the sanctions have had a negative impact on the country's economic situation and the drop in economic indicators such as economic growth, increase in the exchange rate, inflation and inequality has turned the society's view towards livelihood and survival more than in the past. As a result of the predominance of livelihood over action and thinking, destructive effects in the social spheres (increase in crime, immigration), culture (decrease in attention to non-governmental organizations and artistic and cultural activities) and politics (decrease in political participation, spread of protests, collective violence and lawlessness) has emerged.
International Relations
Mohammad Hadi Raji; اصغر Eftekhari
Abstract
One of the frameworks for the integrated analysis of the components of Western pressure and war against the Islamic Republic of Iran is the hybrid war framework. In this regard, examining how to deal with this type of war can have theoretical applications and operational applications for elites and relevant ...
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One of the frameworks for the integrated analysis of the components of Western pressure and war against the Islamic Republic of Iran is the hybrid war framework. In this regard, examining how to deal with this type of war can have theoretical applications and operational applications for elites and relevant officials. The main question of this research is: What are the strategies to deal with the hybrid war of the West against the Islamic Republic of Iran? This research is important from two aspects of approach and operation, in terms of approach and theory that focuses on the integration of coping strategies, and in terms of operations that can be useful for officials related to hybrid warfare. This research is exploratory and not hypothesis testing. The future research is developmental and practical in terms of type, because it explains the necessity of applying a systematic and systematic approach to the problem of hybrid war and the solutions to deal with this type of war, and it also has operational implications for field officials in this field...
Political Sociology
Hojjat Kazemi; mahdi mosakazemi
Abstract
According to the views of some historical sociologists such as Hintze, Weber, Tilly, Mann, Giddens, and Fukuyama, European wars from the 15th and 20th centuries have been a critical variable in the transition from feudal dispersion of power to the establishment of modern states. From this point of view, ...
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According to the views of some historical sociologists such as Hintze, Weber, Tilly, Mann, Giddens, and Fukuyama, European wars from the 15th and 20th centuries have been a critical variable in the transition from feudal dispersion of power to the establishment of modern states. From this point of view, wars and states' efforts to win them have materialized the idea of the modern state, strengthened state structures, and increased state influence in society. While emphasizing the usefulness of this point of view, the article seeks to show that focusing on the definite relationship between war and state-building can lead to oversimplification and unwarranted generalization, considering a more comprehensive range of wars, especially in non-Western societies. Historical experiences show that while some wars have strengthened the state-building process, others have weakened State Infrastructural Power. The article concludes that diversity in the impact of wars on state-building processes in different societies is influenced by other factors such as the type of war (whether the war is internal or external), economic and social conditions of warring states, the influence of the international environment, and the role played by foreign powers.
Developments in the Middle East
Ali akbar Asadi; Mohammd Orf
Abstract
Given the serious limitations in the field of hard power, the development of soft power, including nation branding, is considered as one of the key priorities of small states such as Qatar. According to this matter, the question is, where does nation branding play a role in Qatar's foreign policy ...
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Given the serious limitations in the field of hard power, the development of soft power, including nation branding, is considered as one of the key priorities of small states such as Qatar. According to this matter, the question is, where does nation branding play a role in Qatar's foreign policy and national security? In this regard, the limitations and challenges of Qatar in terms of power and national security capacities, as well as its potentials, have been addressed to the country's overall approach and policies in the field of nation branding. The results of the study show that Qatari leaders have been able to achieve significant successes and achievements in the field of nation branding by focusing on six main areas, thus helping to improve the country's national power and security capacities. These areas include: political networking and crisis mediation; media branding with focusing on Al Jazeera; capacities and economic assistance as a support for branding; capacity building and cultural diplomacy; capacity development and sports diplomacy; strengthening and promoting the tourism sector. This article has been used as a descriptive - explanatory study of the six-dimensional conceptual model of Anholt to explain nation branding.
Developments in the Middle East
Mohsen Bagheri; Enayatollah Yazdani; mohammad ali basiri
Abstract
بحران داعش در عراق و سوریه، در کنار تهدیدات امنیتی، فرصتهایی را نیز برای منافع و امنیت ملی و منطقهای ایران ایجاد نمود، از این رو سوال اصلی این مقاله عبارت است سیاست ...
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بحران داعش در عراق و سوریه، در کنار تهدیدات امنیتی، فرصتهایی را نیز برای منافع و امنیت ملی و منطقهای ایران ایجاد نمود، از این رو سوال اصلی این مقاله عبارت است سیاست امنیتی ایران در مقابل تهدید داعش در چه چارچوبی قابل ارزیابی است؟ تحلیل راهبرد منطقهای ایران در مقابل تهدید داعش با توجه به دیدگاههای مقام معظم رهبری در حوزه سیاست خارجی و امنیتی ایران و با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و منابع کتابخانهای و رهیافت عمق استراتژیک و موازنه قدرت نشان دهنده آن است راهبرد امنیتی ایران در برابر این تهدید در چارچوب حفظ و گسترش عمق استراتژیک منطقهای بوده است و مهمترین مؤلفههای تشکیل دهندهی این راهبرد نیز عبارت بودند از: کنش فعال برونمرزی و دفاع در برابر تهدیدات در عمق راهبردی و توسعه شبکه متحدان منطقهای، و ائتلاف نظامی با روسیه برای حفظ نظام متحد در سوریه، فرصتهای اتخاذ این راهبرد منطقهای نیز عبارت بودند از: گسترش نفوذ و عمق راهبردی و افزایش نقش و قدرت ایران در سطح منطقهای، حفظ محور مقاومت، و ارتقاء توانمندی آن، نزدیکی راهبردی با روسیه و چین و مقاومت در برابر نفوذ غرب و هژمونی آمریکا در منطقه.
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Developments in the Middle East
Amir Ghiyasi; Ardeshir Nourian
Abstract
Since the establishment of Israel, a range of events including war, conflict, alliance, coalition and cease-fire, numerous peace agreements, interdependence and finally integration have shaped the mutual relations between Israel and the Arabs.Examining these events reveals a process of conflict and war ...
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Since the establishment of Israel, a range of events including war, conflict, alliance, coalition and cease-fire, numerous peace agreements, interdependence and finally integration have shaped the mutual relations between Israel and the Arabs.Examining these events reveals a process of conflict and war towards peace and integration.Therefore, in terms of the importance of this process and the entanglement and complexity of the political-security environment of the Middle East, three important issues of the causes of integration,The manner of integration and the security consequences of the integration of Israel and the Arabs for Iran have been the focus of this research.The results of this research which was conducted based on a descriptive-explanatory approach and library method, show that the three-dimensional factors of Israel's strategic limitations,requirements of the Arab countries, and common requirements have shaped peace and integration between two sides at the same time.The integration process has been developed in a gradual, multi-dimensional, formal, deep and multi-level manner.Weakening the resistance front and preventing the formation of the Shia Crescent led by Iran, siege and pressure on Iran and redefining security structure of region and weakening Iran's role in this structure has been the most important security consequences of this integration for Iran.
International Relations
Seyyed Rouhollah Hadj Zargarbashi; Reza Zabihi
Abstract
For geopolitical and geostrategic reasons, the Persian Gulf region has long been the focus of great powers. Now, following new developments, the distancing of Saudi Arabia from America and the simultaneous rapprochement from this country towards China, as another great power that seeks to bring order ...
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For geopolitical and geostrategic reasons, the Persian Gulf region has long been the focus of great powers. Now, following new developments, the distancing of Saudi Arabia from America and the simultaneous rapprochement from this country towards China, as another great power that seeks to bring order in this part of the world, this basic question is raised: How will China's role in the Persian Gulf region affect Iran's regional security? The temporary answer to this question first requires the definition and division of security dimensions in Iran’s regional security. On this basis, it is assumed that this Role-Playing, which has entered a new phase in recent years, especially since the end of 2022, may have dangerous effects on Iran's regional security in terms of military and geopolitical issues, but at the same time, it can increase Iran's regional security from the perspective of political and economic dimensions. Therefore, Iran's regional security can increase if China's presence is purely economic and political, but if it is accompanied by military presence, it is dangerous for Iran's regional security. The approach of this research is analytical-explanatory and its method is qualitative.
International Relations
hossein fattahi ardakani
Abstract
After years of conflict with Iran, Saudi Arabia resumed itsrelations with Iran with the mediation of China. This changein the strategyof Saudi Arabia was due to the understanding of the new leaders of this country about the change in the balanceof power from the West to the East.In fact, the emergence ...
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After years of conflict with Iran, Saudi Arabia resumed itsrelations with Iran with the mediation of China. This changein the strategyof Saudi Arabia was due to the understanding of the new leaders of this country about the change in the balanceof power from the West to the East.In fact, the emergence of emerging powers such as China and mutual political, economic and securitydependencies between the countries of the region and emerging powers have provided the ground for the transition from a unipolar world to a multipolar world. Based on this,the question of thecurrent research, which is organized in a descriptiveandexplanatory method, iswhat are the reasons forchangein Saudi Arabia's regional strategy?Based on the designed hypothesis, the three important factors of the decline of the unipolar world and the endof American protection, Russia's attempt to recover its extra-regional power and China's rise to become a global superpower have causedsaudi Arabia to reconsider. In its regional strategy, use this created space to its advantageand improve its relations with its neighborsin line withnational interests and political and economic development. As a result, the strategy of astrong government has replaced the strategy of a strong region with the participation and cooperation of neighbors.
International Relations
Vahid Afrasiaban; Seyed Jalal Dehghani Firouzabadi
Abstract
Abstract:
This article critically examines the interplay between China and the Middle East in light of Russia's involvement. Employing a game theory perspective, the analysis delves into the behaviors and decisions of the involved parties, demonstrating how China can effectively establish and uphold ...
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Abstract:
This article critically examines the interplay between China and the Middle East in light of Russia's involvement. Employing a game theory perspective, the analysis delves into the behaviors and decisions of the involved parties, demonstrating how China can effectively establish and uphold a balance of power in the face of Russian influence in the region through a strategy of regional integration with Middle Eastern countries. Central to this exploration is the inquiry into how the alignment between China and Middle Eastern nations can serve as a strategic mechanism for recalibrating the power dynamics amidst Russian influence in the region. The research hypothesis posits that the convergence of China and Middle Eastern countries, driven by shared economic, security, and cultural interests, has the potential to diminish Russia's sway in the region, thereby tilting the balance of power in favor of China. This hypothesis has been rigorously tested and evaluated based on comprehensive data and evidence, necessitating the application of statistical and computational methodologies within a quantitative framework. The findings substantiate the hypothesis, revealing an expanding regional convergence between China and the Middle East that holds promise in counterbalancing Russian influence and effectively countering it.
Political Sociology
Mehdi Mirkiaei
Abstract
Paying attention to the political behavior of the masses of people is of great importance. The multiplicity and diversity of these jokes, makes the minds of researcher sensitive to their special place in the confrontation of the masses of people with the ruling elites, and raises the question of what ...
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Paying attention to the political behavior of the masses of people is of great importance. The multiplicity and diversity of these jokes, makes the minds of researcher sensitive to their special place in the confrontation of the masses of people with the ruling elites, and raises the question of what function does the spread of these jokes have in the political life of the masses? Our assumption is that the masses by publishing political jokes, try to challenge the dominance in all three areas, material, status and ideological. Also, they have tarnished the picture and image that the rulers have made of the state of the country and cast doubt on its various dimensions. The theoretical framework of this research is the theory of Hidden Transcripts by James C. Scott who has tried to describe and formulate the various forms of resistance of the subordinates against the ruling elites in periods when the masses seem calm and inactive. Before this, researches have been done about the political jokes of different countries from different perspectives, but so far no research has been done using the theory of Hidden Transcripts to explain the place of these jokes in popular political life.
Iranian Domestic Policy
abouzar khoshbayan; Parviz Amini; javad haydari
Abstract
Governments are always protested by other elements. In some cases, this protest is carried out by elements within the political order and using defined tools, and in some cases, this protest is carried out by elements outside the political order and by unconventional means. In 2023, after the death of ...
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Governments are always protested by other elements. In some cases, this protest is carried out by elements within the political order and using defined tools, and in some cases, this protest is carried out by elements outside the political order and by unconventional means. In 2023, after the death of Mehsa Amini, widespread protests took place throughout Iran. If consider this protest along the lines of the protests of 2017 and 2019, we can see the increasing scope of protests in Iran in recent years. Considering the destructive effects of some protests on the society, knowing the nature of the2023 protests can help to prevent the occurrence of protests in the future; Therefore, this issue has been the main goal of the present research. The method used in the research was the grounded theory method, which was used to collect the opinions of elites using interviews, and then it was coded in three levels: Open Coding, Axial Coding, and Selective Coding. Finally, the results of the research showed that the protests of 2023 were a type of Rebellion and if the issues that led to it are not resolved, the Iranian society will witness such riots again in the future.
International Relations
Zakeyeh Aftabi; Morad Kaviani Rad; shirkhan Anwari
Abstract
Common water resources play a crucial role in the hydropolitical relations among countries. giving Afghanistan an upstream position in hydropolitical relations with Iran. This study aims to analyze the role of Afghan brokers as a significant factor in the hydropolitical relations between Iran and Afghanistan ...
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Common water resources play a crucial role in the hydropolitical relations among countries. giving Afghanistan an upstream position in hydropolitical relations with Iran. This study aims to analyze the role of Afghan brokers as a significant factor in the hydropolitical relations between Iran and Afghanistan over time. The research data were collected through library and field research methods. The research findings showed the trend of hydropolitical relations between the two countries, cooperation at the levels of verbal exchanges and support, and the expression of verbal policies. Conflict and disagreements at the levels of verbal statements indicate inconsistency in the interaction and tension in the dialogue with the Iranian side. The variables of Afghanistan's need for water resources for development, the politicization of water by the Iranian side, consecutive droughts, and the dignity of water for the Afghan people were identified as key factors affecting Afghanistan's hydropolitical relations with Iran from the perspective of Afghan brokers and experts. The results of the research show that organized economic cooperation between the two countries can lead to the creation of sustainable benefits and the improvement of the hydropolitical relations of the two countries.
Political Sociology
mahmoudreza rahbarqazi; morteza ebrahimi; reza mahmoudoghli
Abstract
The aim of this research is to examine the impact of social capital on social activism, with a focus on the role of cultural values as a mediating variable. For this purpose, secondary analysis of data from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey in Iran, with a sample size of 1499 individuals, was ...
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The aim of this research is to examine the impact of social capital on social activism, with a focus on the role of cultural values as a mediating variable. For this purpose, secondary analysis of data from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey in Iran, with a sample size of 1499 individuals, was utilized. The results of structural equation modeling using the Partial Least Squares method indicate that social trust and social networks have a significant direct impact on increasing social activism. Moreover, the results show that modern cultural values, consisting of two dimensions: secular and emancipative values, act as an effective mediator in this relationship. In other words, social capital enhances social activism through these modern values. This study demonstrates that different dimensions of social capital have a significant impact on social activism and suggests that policymakers can use these findings to promote civic participation and improve social relations.
Political Science
maziyar khademi; alimohammad fallahzadeh
Abstract
War is the oldest and most important thing that requires a human being to think normatively. The theory of just war as a normative theory has been the most serious and influential intellectual tradition of war since Aristotle ever. In contemporary times, Michael Walzer is the most significant and prominent ...
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War is the oldest and most important thing that requires a human being to think normatively. The theory of just war as a normative theory has been the most serious and influential intellectual tradition of war since Aristotle ever. In contemporary times, Michael Walzer is the most significant and prominent theorist in this intellectual tradition. Walzer took himself to be providing a philosophical explanation of a view which has a long historical precedent (both in theory and in the practice of war) and importantly is codified in the Laws of Armed Conflict. In this regard, his methodology is historical and theoretical basis are a common understanding of morality. Walzer's theory, which is base for modern just war theory, is based on the Hegelian premises. Anyway, the present study, by descriptive and analytical method, attempts to show that the modern just war theory by Hegelianism (in Premises and methodology) is morally defective and legaly positivistic. For this, first, by analyzing the historical context, forms the conceptual context of theory and then review the theory and Hegelian premises and methodology
Developments in the Islamic world
Fatemeh Soury; Gholam reza khajesarvi
Abstract
This article analyzes the transformation of the concept of resistance influenced by the Iranian Islamic Revolution, particularly examining how this revolution, as one of the most significant political events of the twentieth century, has reshaped political and intellectual discourses by introducing a ...
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This article analyzes the transformation of the concept of resistance influenced by the Iranian Islamic Revolution, particularly examining how this revolution, as one of the most significant political events of the twentieth century, has reshaped political and intellectual discourses by introducing a form of resistance based on religion and spirituality. The study employs descriptive-analytical and documentary methods to investigate the redefinition of resistance in theoretical contexts. The findings reveal that the Iranian Islamic Revolution has brought about fundamental changes in the concept of resistance, including the incorporation of religious elements, changes in the concept of liberation, and a focus on transcendence. These changes have led to a fundamental shift in traditional views on resistance,, which paid less attention to religion and spirituality in liberation struggles. The general conclusion is that the Iranian Islamic Revolution has not only contributed to redefining the concept of resistance but has also prominently highlighted the role of religion in global revival and its impact on postcolonial studies. This research, by clarifying these transformations, contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of religion in international relations and social and political resistance, providing a foundation for future research in this field.
Political economy
ahmadreza bordbar; Hoda Yousefi Najafaabaadi
Abstract
The transition from the Pahlavi regime to the Islamic Republic was marked by a revolutionary ethos that championed the eradication of economic corruption, class disparities, and the concentration of national wealth in the hands of the ruling elite. This perception of wealth as a societal ill had been ...
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The transition from the Pahlavi regime to the Islamic Republic was marked by a revolutionary ethos that championed the eradication of economic corruption, class disparities, and the concentration of national wealth in the hands of the ruling elite. This perception of wealth as a societal ill had been deeply embedded in the public consciousness over the years. It was believed that this transformation could be achieved by stigmatizing wealth accumulation and emphasizing concepts like equality and social justice. This paper delves into the question of how the concept of wealth has undergone a metamorphosis in Iran since the Islamic Revolution.
Drawing upon Theodore Robert's theory of relative deprivation, the paper argues that certain factors and events have contributed to the transformation of wealth acquisition into a valued attribute within the post-revolutionary social order. To substantiate this claim, the paper examines the approaches adopted by successive post-revolutionary governments and their degree of alignment with the revolutionary ideals. The research data is gathered through documentary sources and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach.
Political Sociology
Javad Biglari; Seyed Shamseddin Sadeghi; Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI
Abstract
With the expansion of social networks celebrities as a new reference group began to reflect people's various concerns through the mentioned media.This issue leads to the influence of this segment of the society in the process of politicaldevelopment and creates obstacles in this field.question is,what ...
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With the expansion of social networks celebrities as a new reference group began to reflect people's various concerns through the mentioned media.This issue leads to the influence of this segment of the society in the process of politicaldevelopment and creates obstacles in this field.question is,what role and place have celebrities played in Iran's political development?In response,the hypothesis was raised that due to the authority of figures and the celebrity of politics in the Islamic Republic,this group can create serious obstacles in the process of politicaldevelopment.Using the semiotics approach, this article uses the posts and stories of celebrities that have been purposefully selected on the Instagram platform to show the weakening of the political development process due to the role of celebrities.In politics,it has been studied as a result of their authority in the society and by applying a descriptive-analytical qualitative method and citing library sources, the effects of stars' intervention in the erosion process of political development have been analyzed.The purpose of this research is to show the role of celebrities in weakening the process of political development and celebritization of politics, that their interventions in the future will lead to results that will disrupt the process of political development.
Political Psychology
Yalda Nikpour; Reza Khalili; Mirshahram Safari
Abstract
The current study seeks to investigate and measure political awareness among students of engineering and humanities fields of Tehran universities. The questionnaire was published online on related scientific pages and 256 students of Tehran universities participated in this study. After discarding the ...
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The current study seeks to investigate and measure political awareness among students of engineering and humanities fields of Tehran universities. The questionnaire was published online on related scientific pages and 256 students of Tehran universities participated in this study. After discarding the questionnaire of unrelated fields and universities, the answers of 124 people (57 technical students and 67 humanities students) who were required for this task based on the results of the GPower program were used as the basis of analysis. In order to measure political awareness and tendencies, the Political Compass Test was used. Also, the subjects answered the standard questionnaires for moral ideology classification and beneficence questionnaire. The final results showed that the two groups of engineering and humanities students have a significant difference in the variable of the social axis (authoritarian-libertarian) of the political compass. In addition, a significant negative correlation was seen between the social axis (authoritarian-libertarian) of the political compass and the relativity subscale of the standard questionnaire for moral ideology classification, whereas the relativity subscale of the standard questionnaire and the beneficence questionnaire had a significant positive relationship with each other.
Political Sociology
Reza Sehhat Manesh
Abstract
The fall of Isfahan and the end of Safavid rule led to new models for obtaining government in Iran. Malik Mahmoud Sistani led the Kiānī lineage and the Afghans put forward the Istikfaiee (autonomous) government on the basis of the Ottoman Caliphate. In addition, the Safavid model based on the representation ...
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The fall of Isfahan and the end of Safavid rule led to new models for obtaining government in Iran. Malik Mahmoud Sistani led the Kiānī lineage and the Afghans put forward the Istikfaiee (autonomous) government on the basis of the Ottoman Caliphate. In addition, the Safavid model based on the representation of the infallible Imams (AS) was still standing. Among the contenders, Nader Afshar came to power and was in power for 23 years. In the upcoming research, the author intends to explore Nader's efforts in this field with the analytical method and using the main sources of the Afsharid era and answer the question, what models did Nader Shah Afshar use to gain power and establish the foundations of legitimacy?By examining and analyzing the data, it became clear that he was seeking to de-Safavid instructs and remove the Safavid legacy in Iran. , Nader Shah revived the traditional legitimacy of the pre-Safavid era by following the example of Timur Gurkani and combining Turkmen and Iranian traditions. In this way, the image of Shah was restored and the Sultan's fighting spirit was emphasized.
International Relations
mostafa kaka; mokhtar salehi
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) could be considered one of the key indicators and outcomes of the Fifth Industrial Revolution. This development has provoked many countries to consider adopting appropriate strategies to manage its consequences. Questionably, why the European Union (EU) has engaged in policymaking ...
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Artificial intelligence (AI) could be considered one of the key indicators and outcomes of the Fifth Industrial Revolution. This development has provoked many countries to consider adopting appropriate strategies to manage its consequences. Questionably, why the European Union (EU) has engaged in policymaking in the field of AI technology. Hypothetically, the EU intends to establish appropriate and sustainable regulations and policies in the AI domain to manage its consequences and to achieve reliable and good AI in line with its strategic independence. The theoretical framework of this theory is based on the public policy and regulation theory. The method of data collection involves the use of library and internet resources. Subsequently, the gathered data is analyzed qualitatively using Thematic Analysis. The findings indicate that the EU is striving to minimize the risk of adopting new technologies by enacting laws and directives and adjusting security and governance requirements to be consistent with AI.
International Relations
Gholamali Chegnizadeh; Ali Esmaeili Ardakani; Omid Mohammadian Pahlavan
Abstract
The article’s objective is to identify the factors of divergence in the security approaches of Germany and France towards analogous issues, despite their numerous shared characteristics. To find response, a "Strategic Culture" framework is proposed, comprised of a set of variables in ...
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The article’s objective is to identify the factors of divergence in the security approaches of Germany and France towards analogous issues, despite their numerous shared characteristics. To find response, a "Strategic Culture" framework is proposed, comprised of a set of variables in three principal analytical levels (domestic, regional, and extra-regional). By elucidating the nuances and different behaviors in the security approaches of the two countries, for instance, the article could demonstrate why Germany adopted an unexpected stance, contrary to its conventional non-military approach, over the seizure of the British Stena Epimpro oil tanker.
The article found Germany's Strategic Culture pursuing of European security inextricably linked to its European identity, whereas in France, the pursuit of European security is inextricably linked to the ideology of de Gaulleism. German's networked and pervasive perception of threats validate military actions to maintain international stability and security. In contrast, French elite's perception of the country's geopolitical position in distant regions such as Africa, puts military action, even if unilateral, in priorities of country's Strategic Culture. A comparison of two countries strategic cultures shows; Despite their commitment to the supranational institution (European Union) they diverge in extra-regional level (attitude towards NATO and definition of geopolitical areas).
International Relations
Sedigheh Azin; Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani; Ahmad Jansiz
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution and the growth of new technologies such as artificial intelligence the competition of great powers. Systems based on artificial intelligence have features that make the countries that own technology (America and China) gain more network power by benefiting from these ...
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The fourth industrial revolution and the growth of new technologies such as artificial intelligence the competition of great powers. Systems based on artificial intelligence have features that make the countries that own technology (America and China) gain more network power by benefiting from these and can play a role in the global future derived from big data. Thus, conceptualizing network competition in the 21st century raises the question of what kind of geopolitical competition the United States and China are engaged in for centrality in the key networks of the 21st century? The hypothesis is that, the US and China have engaged in geopolitical competition in technological networks in the digital and financial spheres that reflect their broader views of strategic stability as well as a structural context tinged with mistrust and rivalry. Their discourses fuel a cycle of misperceptions that can be addressed through technological trust-building measures, but a competitive cycle unlikely to be ameliorated by the ongoing network tensions of the 21st century. This article based on the descriptive-analytical approach using the method of process research and sample research, which have been used in collecting information from documentary-library sources and authentic cyberspace website.
Political Science
Zahra Mohamadpuor dehsorkhi; mahdi najafzadeh; vahid sinaee
Abstract
The formation of the hidden transcripts of Iranian society is related to the structures of society, unstable political and social conditions of individual and social behaviors resulting from them. This research, using the macro theory of structuralism and using the model of Scott's hidden narratives, ...
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The formation of the hidden transcripts of Iranian society is related to the structures of society, unstable political and social conditions of individual and social behaviors resulting from them. This research, using the macro theory of structuralism and using the model of Scott's hidden narratives, seeks to answer the question of which feature governs the Iranian society and in what way is the originator of the formation of the hidden transcript? The findings of the research show that the hidden transcripts are the result of the dual behavior patterns of Iranians, which can only be discovered by analyzing the structures governing the Iranian society to discover the hidden contexts and secrets and the inner workings of social behaviors. The studies also showed that the cultural manifestations and collective behavior of people develop over time and in different conditions in interaction with different environments and are formed and institutionalized as a strategy in adapting to biological realities. Therefore, in order to understand hidden transcripts as constructs of Iranian society, above all, the roots of the duality of Iranians' behavior should be explored in the four areas of political structures, social and cultural structures, construction of the Persian language, and religious structure.
International Relations
leila morovati; Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhkeshin
Abstract
The incident of September 11, by expanding the scope of terrorist activities on a global scale, turned the attention of the activists of the international system to the threats arising from terrorism. With the incident of September 11, new terrorism invaded time and space and it became a phenomenon on ...
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The incident of September 11, by expanding the scope of terrorist activities on a global scale, turned the attention of the activists of the international system to the threats arising from terrorism. With the incident of September 11, new terrorism invaded time and space and it became a phenomenon on a global scale. This caused the activists of international relations to choose a specific approach and strategy in the face of terrorism to protect them from threats and dangers caused by international terrorism and to maintain their security. So, each actor's strategy against terrorism and its anti-terrorist discourse can be analyzed in the framework of the logic of result and proportionality. Mainly, the logic governing the behavior of each actor in the international system is the result or proportionality. This article seeks to explain the counterterrorism discourses of two major powers in the international system, the America and the China, within the framework of the logic of result and proportionality. The main question of this article is that How can you explain the logic of the result and the proportionality of the way America and China face the phenomenon of terrorism? In response to this question,
International Relations
Nozar Shafiee; azita salehi
Abstract
Iran and China, as two influential powers in the Middle East, are striving to enhance their influence through public diplomacy. The influence of both countries is particularly notable in Iraq and Lebanon. The writers want to answer the question of what are the differences and similarities in the public ...
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Iran and China, as two influential powers in the Middle East, are striving to enhance their influence through public diplomacy. The influence of both countries is particularly notable in Iraq and Lebanon. The writers want to answer the question of what are the differences and similarities in the public diplomacy of Iran and China in order to exert influence in Iraq and Lebanon? The hypothesis of the paper, which is examined using a descriptive-analytical method, argues that Iran has improved its influence by emphasizing historical and religious relations, while supporting political and social groups in Lebanon and Iraq. In contrast, China has sought to exert its influence through economic tools (infrastructure projects and investments) and cultural instruments, working through the governments of Iraq and Lebanon. In other words, the difference and similarity between the two countries lie in the tools and methods of influence. The findings of the research show that public diplomacy is a common tool in the foreign policy of countries, and each country attempts to utilize it based on its relative advantages to exert influence.
Developments in the Middle East
Mahdi Khanalizadeh; Hossein Salimi
Abstract
This study examines the security order of West Asia in the post-Cold War era. The primary issue is the prolonged transitional period and the inability of the United States to sustain a hegemonic security regime in the region who supported by the United States of America. The main research question is: ...
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This study examines the security order of West Asia in the post-Cold War era. The primary issue is the prolonged transitional period and the inability of the United States to sustain a hegemonic security regime in the region who supported by the United States of America. The main research question is: How has the Resistance Front influenced the security order in West Asia between 1991 and 2020? Based on the hypothesis that the Resistance Front has effectively challenged the hegemonic security structure, the study employs the Copenhagen School’s theoretical framework, emphasizing regional security analysis. The qualitative research method utilizes document analysis and secondary data. Findings indicate that the Resistance Front which led by Iranian Quds Forces has shifted the region’s security order toward a regional complex model by altering security and social patterns. This means the foreign forces need to leave the region or act by their proxies in this area.
Political Sociology
Mohammad Hadi Ghani Yeganeh; Nourallah Nourani; Hadi Ghaemi
Abstract
"Political participation" is one of the types of participation that has always attracted the attention of sociologists and political researchers. The statistics of the last few years show the high degree of political participation in Iran, especially in the field of participation in elections. ...
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"Political participation" is one of the types of participation that has always attracted the attention of sociologists and political researchers. The statistics of the last few years show the high degree of political participation in Iran, especially in the field of participation in elections. In such a way that the participation process in the presidential elections has decreased from 85% in 2018 to 49% in 2018 and the participation in the Islamic Council elections has also decreased from 64% in 2019 to 41% in 2018. . In this article, an attempt has been made to answer the research question through the method of meta-analysis of all scientific studies related to this field that have been carried out in the last 10 years.As a result of the analysis, it was determined that cultural factors with an effect size of 0.374, political factors with an effect size of 0.334, technological factors with an effect size of 0.318, social factors with an effect size of 0.264, and economic factors with an effect size of 0.217 have the greatest impact on citizens' political participation.
Political Science
Ahamad Azizkhani; mahdi jalalvand
Abstract
The process of democratization of political systems in the last century has been one of the most important issues in the world of thought. For this reason, many thinkers have sought the philosophical preparation of democratic political order in their societies in order to provide solid foundations for ...
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The process of democratization of political systems in the last century has been one of the most important issues in the world of thought. For this reason, many thinkers have sought the philosophical preparation of democratic political order in their societies in order to provide solid foundations for the development of democratic thinking from this point of view. However, such an effort is rarely done among Muslim thinkers, and perhaps Allameh Tabatabai's efforts are one of the few works done in this direction. The upcoming research is organized around this question: How will Allameh Tabatabai's philosophical approach lead to the necessary preparations for the development of democratic thinking? The purpose of the upcoming research, which was conducted with a descriptive analytical method and a qualitative approach, is to present a philosophical framework for the development of the democratization process in Islamic societies based on the opinions of Allameh Tabatabai. The data of the research emphasizes the point that Allameh's political philosophy, emphasizing the category of credibility, has led to the concept of an established state, and from this passage, she has reached the philosophical arrangement of democratic order in Islamic societies.
Political Sociology
mohammad dadpanah; Hossein Harsij; Amir Masud Shahramnia; gholamreza davazdahemami
Abstract
Social cohesion, as one of the indicators of good governance, has a direct relationship with society's resilience against of challenges, in such a way that its weakness causes the erosion of the country's capabilities. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the level of social ...
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Social cohesion, as one of the indicators of good governance, has a direct relationship with society's resilience against of challenges, in such a way that its weakness causes the erosion of the country's capabilities. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the level of social cohesion in Iran by combining the SWOT analytical model and the comparative method, and the question is answered that since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, what changes have the component of social cohesion undergone? The country of Iran (comparable case) is broken in the unit of time and since, from the point of view of some experts, Structural changes are the turning point of political and social developments in the direction of achieving development, social cohesion (unit of analysis) in two time periods before and after compared to the revision of the constitution. The result of comparing the institutional and environmental variables of social cohesion indicates that in Iran, after the revision of the constitution, the amount of social cohesion has decreased compared to the previous period.
