Ebrahim Abbassi; Shabnam Akbari
Abstract
The immigration is an important subject in the world and the Middle East. This subject has been affected economic, social and political factors. The main question of this research is why Iranians immigrants move to Kuwait and how could affect the political, social and economic relations between two countries? ...
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The immigration is an important subject in the world and the Middle East. This subject has been affected economic, social and political factors. The main question of this research is why Iranians immigrants move to Kuwait and how could affect the political, social and economic relations between two countries? Hypothesis of this research is that we can explain the causes of immigration on the basis of two theories: the theory of attraction and repulsion and model of cost-benefit. The variables in the national, regional and international levels explain the trends of immigrations of Iranians to Kuwait including: Petrol, Islamic Revolution, the Persian Gulf War, Relationships between Iran and Saudi Arabia and etc. Research findings show Iranian immigrants are important minority in this country. But governments of two countries couldn’t have a share from this potential in extension of their relations. The causes of them are on vision of Kuwait government to immigrants as stranger, be Shia most of them and not pay attention of Iran government to them and their economical vision for business. The research with analytic and descriptive method try to study why and effect of immigration and Iranian immigrants on relations between Iran and Kuwait.
behrooz namdari; Kayhan Barzegar
Abstract
This article examines the role of unconventional oil resources on the internal structure and decisions taken by OPEC. The way members of OPEC are interacting shows that new shale oil resources influence the mutual behavior and decision making of the OPEC.
Since the position and power of this international ...
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This article examines the role of unconventional oil resources on the internal structure and decisions taken by OPEC. The way members of OPEC are interacting shows that new shale oil resources influence the mutual behavior and decision making of the OPEC.
Since the position and power of this international organization has always been influenced by its structural disagreements and production from the unconventional resources of oil, which its majority part is out of territory of OPEC members, Could end in depending differences inside the organization or it will repair them, any majority changes in the OPEC’s impact on the global economy, may influence it’s total existence.
This research by using historical variables of differences within the OPEC and its adaptation with future quantity scenarios of the oil production from the conventional and unconventional sources comes to the conclusion that entry and continuity of the shale oil variable into the international energy market at the same time, could be the element for the continuity and strength of opec organization or may cause breakdown of this organization after several decades of its activity in the world energy market.
این مقاله به بررسی نقش منابع غیرمتعارف نفت بر ساختار درونی و تصمیم‌گیری‌های سازمان اوپک می‌پردازد. نحوه تعامل اعضا در سازمان اوپک نشان می‌دهد که منابع جدید نفت شیل نحوه رفتار متقابل و تصمیم‌گیری درون این سازمان را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. از آنجا که جایگاه و قدرت این سازمان بین‌المللی، همواره تحت تأثیر اختلافات ساختاری درون این سازمان بوده است و تولید از منابع نامتعارف نفت که قسمت عمده آن در خارج از حوزه سرزمینی اعضای اوپک است، می‌تواند به تعمیق اختلافات در درون این سازمان و یا ترمیم آنها بینجامد، هرگونه تغییر اساسی در میزان تأثیرگذاری اوپک در اقتصاد جهانی می‌تواند کلیت وجودی آن را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. این نوشتار با استفاده از متغیر تاریخی اختلافات درون سازمان اوپک و انطباق آن با سناریوهای کمی آتی تولید نفت از منابع متعارف و غیرمتعارف به این نتیجه می‌رسد که ورود و تداوم متغیر نفت شیل به بازار بین‌المللی انرژی، همزمان می‌تواند عامل تداوم و استحکام سازمان اوپک و یا از هم‌گسیختگی این سازمان بین‌المللی بعد از چندین دهه فعالیت در بازار انرژی جهانی شود.
Seyd Amir Niakoee; Ali Asghar Sotodeh
Volume 4, Issue 15 , March 2016, , Pages 153-177
Abstract
Middle East is a region in which conflict and disintegration is much more prevalent than integration and cooperation. Meanwhile, current civil wars in Iraq and Syria have effected regional security complex in the region. The purpose of the this paper is to examine the effects of civil wars in Iraq and ...
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Middle East is a region in which conflict and disintegration is much more prevalent than integration and cooperation. Meanwhile, current civil wars in Iraq and Syria have effected regional security complex in the region. The purpose of the this paper is to examine the effects of civil wars in Iraq and Syria on maturity of Middle East security complex. The findings of the paper illustrate that the civil wars in Iraq and Syria have led to the formation of a larger subset including the subset of the Persian Gulf and Aramaea. These conflicts have led to the reinforcement of pattern of conflict between Iran and Sunni regimes of the Persian Gulf especially Saudi Arabia. However, a competition between Sunni regimes of the region has complicated the security complex of Middle East. Moreover, these developments have marginalized the conflicts between Israel and Arabs and have led to an ideological transition into Islamic intra discursive conflict. The methodology of the present paper is descriptive analytical.
Hossein salimi; Leila Rahmati poor
Volume 3, Issue 11 , April 2015, , Pages 129-160
Abstract
United States as the sole remaining superpower after World War II and the Cold War era, has always tried establishing its hegemony in the world and forcing others into submission and acceptance of its order. Thus, economic development and control of the world energy resources, especially the resources ...
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United States as the sole remaining superpower after World War II and the Cold War era, has always tried establishing its hegemony in the world and forcing others into submission and acceptance of its order. Thus, economic development and control of the world energy resources, especially the resources in the Persian Gulf region is needed for establishing and maintaining its hegemony in the world as well. Hence, insecurity in the region has challenged the hegemony of the U.S. For decades the country's strategy is focused on reducing dependence on energy imports. China is a great power that is trying to improve its position in the global arena. In this way the path chosen by the Chines leaders is economic growth, which is highly depended on the country's energy resources especially the Persian Gulf. So what is considered important to China is energy supply security; but the different strategies of the two countries and its impacts on the Persian Gulf remains a question; the question that this paper will try to answer.
