Political Science
Fatemeh Taherkhani
Abstract
IntroductionEvery significant social revolution, in addition to the diverse array of physical and objective events and actions (e.g., marches, armed conflicts, exile, and slogans), also encompasses intellectual dimensions. Not an exception in this regard, the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran originated ...
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IntroductionEvery significant social revolution, in addition to the diverse array of physical and objective events and actions (e.g., marches, armed conflicts, exile, and slogans), also encompasses intellectual dimensions. Not an exception in this regard, the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran originated from the longstanding philosophical, historical, and civilizational tradition of Islamic Iran, particularly the Shia political thought. This philosophical tradition served as the foundation for the production of various political texts and speeches, each with distinct functions but sharing the common goal of overthrowing the oppressive regime. As a notable form of political discourse and speech during the Revolution, the disclosing discourse would critically examine the status quo in the most explicit manner possible, challenging the legitimacy of the ruling power. The present study aimed to explore the relations and characteristics of the texts belonging to different periods and harboring the disclosing discourse. It also intended to see when and by whom similar texts and speeches had been produced throughout history. The research also sought to examine the political relations and power dynamics they represented as well as the actions they celebrated and foregrounded, or condemned and marginalized.Materials and MethodsTo identify common philosophical and theological roots of the disclosing discourse, the present study used Ruth Wodak’s Discourse–Historical Approach (DHA) which inclusively analyzes the contextual similarities among texts of a specific discourse. DHA offers an in-depth analysis of the inner context of a text, employing conceptual tools for examining a text at the levels of word, sentence, and the whole structure. DHA focuses on identifying discursive strategies, as well as implicit and explicit implications of the text. Wodak’s critical and meta-descriptive approach empowers researchers to delve into the concealed and underlying layers of a text, potentially revealing the intertextual relations between various texts. Moreover, Wodak’s historical perspective and her emphasis on historicism can help overcome the shortcomings of the post-structuralistic analysis caused by overlooking historical background and context. DHA takes into account the relationship between the text and the political conditions of its production, ultimately providing a predictive description of the situation, the actors involved, and the factors behind specific actions.Results and DiscussionThe research aimed to uncover the shared philosophical and theological features among the texts produced in different periods that harbored the disclosing discourse. According to the research results, the shared features include:Applying various delegitimization methods by the speakerAdopting a holistic approach, avoiding foregrounding a specific social cast, and showcasing the diversity of regime dissidentsPrioritizing rational arguments over emotionalism and mythicismCreating a historical vision and depicting the struggle between right and wrongMaking political identification and setting limits or othering foreign powersExtending the struggle from the political field to the social spherePresenting a bright prospectUndermining the image of the regime’s bureaucratic and military structureExplaining the physical and symbolic violence perpetrated by the regimeThe words associated with the disclosing discourse would convey a definite truth, not a constructed political mentality nor a merely political conflict over power. This discourse could serve as a manifestation of the prevailing truth within the political field, representing all dissatisfied individuals across various sections of society. In the contemporary history of Iran, the same truth had partially surfaced through expressions of liberty, anti-despotism, independence, and anti-colonialism. However, it was during the Islamic Revolution that the same truth came to the forefront in its entirety.ConclusionIt seems that the disclosing discourse occurs in times of erosion of political stability; when there is disequilibrium and disorder within the political milieu, primarily resulting from the collapse of one order and the failure to establish another. The identity constructed through the disclosing discourse is interdiscursive, absorbing elements from different discourses and reconfiguring them internally. Historical discourses such as independence, freedom, justice, anti-colonialism, and anti-despotism are integral to the disclosing discourse. This kind of discourse accentuates its broad acceptability and social base to socialize the constructed identity. Additionally, it does not differentiate or discriminate its diverse and pluralistic followers, urging all to unite against prevailing power structures.
ALIREZA BEYGI; ALIREZA BEYGI; Ramin Valizadeh Meidani
Abstract
The Bahraini government tried to suppress the Bahraini people's movement on February 14, 2011, with the trial of mostly Shi'ite leaders. The political defenses of February 14th leaders in the Bahraini military tribunals can be seen as another area of continuation of political contention against the government, ...
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The Bahraini government tried to suppress the Bahraini people's movement on February 14, 2011, with the trial of mostly Shi'ite leaders. The political defenses of February 14th leaders in the Bahraini military tribunals can be seen as another area of continuation of political contention against the government, so that the trial of revolutionary leaders has become a confrontation between two discourses. This article seeks to elucidate and analyze the attitudes of the leaders of the February 14th Bahrain Movement. Indeed, this study, by analyzing the discourse of the Bahraini leadership's defenses, is seeking to answer the question that the leaders of the February 14th movement, who have been in Bahrain since 2011, how do they defend themselves in response to al-Khalifa's allegations? The results of this paper, which are descriptive-analytic and library-based sources, show that these individuals have used the most from the use of quantitative and qualitative variables from vocabulary, metaphor and interests cases to defend themselves. The reason for this is the social position of the leaders, their level of knowledge and skills in speech and writing, because they all had high level of science and most of them are the leaders of the political groups and have been associated with different classes and groups. In the end, this research will express the imagined horizon facing this movement and will explain the type of political structure of power that has emerged in Bahraini society.
afshin mottaghi
Abstract
Discourse analysis is related to space as well as text; according to Henri Lefebvre space can be accompanied by three concepts of Dominance, Creation, and Adjustment. In Iran’s heterogeneous lands with diverse identities, based on geographical, structural, and meaningful traits of time, a discourse ...
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Discourse analysis is related to space as well as text; according to Henri Lefebvre space can be accompanied by three concepts of Dominance, Creation, and Adjustment. In Iran’s heterogeneous lands with diverse identities, based on geographical, structural, and meaningful traits of time, a discourse will be started which according to its meaning system will make a kind of dominant pattern. This little discourses in different regions, based on their space, are in accordance or discordance with each other. The major viewpoints: Security, Economics, Political, and Cultural lead into organizing cause and effect in a discourse analysis caused by administrative divisions. The main question of this study is that based on heterogeneous lands in different states of Iran and major discourse in administrative divisions, how cause and effects on regional basis lead us to harmony? In desired organization of space, the main reason of main discourse must have such power that the dominance caused by it could keep marginal regions in close relations in order to re-articulation of buoyant reasons in a chain, make room for more harmony.
