International Relations
Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi; Farhad Ghasemi
Abstract
The emergence of the new wars and the problem of controlling them, has recently become the main concern of the international actors. Yet, the existing literature in the International Relations hasn’t response to this problem properly. The main purpose of this article is to develop an appropriate ...
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The emergence of the new wars and the problem of controlling them, has recently become the main concern of the international actors. Yet, the existing literature in the International Relations hasn’t response to this problem properly. The main purpose of this article is to develop an appropriate deterrence model in order to control the networked wars, which have been classified as 4th generation of warfare in the chaotic-complex international system. To answer the question ‘How networked wars can be managed’, this article has introduced intensive networked deterrence as an answer. Using the abduction reasoning, this paper chose the best explanation of the behavior of the complex international system as the complex adaptive system in the age of chaos. Considering the transformation of international order to bifurcated order, intensive networked deterrence is an instrument applied by the owner of intensive power at the regional or international system to build the threat equation. Intensive networked deterrence, as an innovative sample of the sixth wave of deterrence theory, has been modeled, and its aspects on the current situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the regional network of West Asia have been investigated
Gholamali Cheganizadeh; Hossein Mahmoudi
Abstract
As Bush get into power in 2001 and as the Conservative ruled his administration, the US administration's perception of the structure and nature of the international system and its dynamics was shaped by 9/11. These perceptions were theorized in the form of the Bush Doctrine, an inconsistent approach ...
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As Bush get into power in 2001 and as the Conservative ruled his administration, the US administration's perception of the structure and nature of the international system and its dynamics was shaped by 9/11. These perceptions were theorized in the form of the Bush Doctrine, an inconsistent approach to the nature and structure of the post-Cold War international system, which resulted at first in a military invasion of Afghanistan and the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, and then a dramatic invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003. Under these circumstances, many thought that the next goal of the Bush administration is military action against the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has never been achieved. Relying on this inconsistency (intervening variable), this article addresses the issue of why the United States did not invade the Islamic Republic militarily after the Iraq war. This issue is examined in the strategic literature under the theory and strategy of deterrence. Accordingly, the hypothesis is that the increase in Iran's power and influence (independent variable) as the most important consequence of the Iraq war in US-Iranian relations led to the Bush administration preventing a military invasion of Iran (dependent variable). The finding of this study is to achieve a bifocal model of deterrence of Iran against US aggression.
Farhad Ghasemi
Abstract
The deterrence system has developed with the evolution of the international system and has experienced new forms. Facing the unstable and unpredictable challenges of the future, along with asymmetric threats in a nonlinear mechanism, is required to design a new analytical apparatus of deterrence and ...
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The deterrence system has developed with the evolution of the international system and has experienced new forms. Facing the unstable and unpredictable challenges of the future, along with asymmetric threats in a nonlinear mechanism, is required to design a new analytical apparatus of deterrence and its conceptual and theoretical reconstruction. It forms the main purpose of the present article. In this regard, the fundamental question arises as to how in this model of the emerging international system, deterrence can be reconstructed conceptually and theoretically? The author intends to reconstruct it by using the method of deductive inference and focusing on theories of complexity and chaos, especially its basic principles such as the networked structure of the system, nonlinearity, sensitive dependence, and cascading failure. This study focuses on the dynamics of power and the mechanisms that turn it into a threat through nonlinear logic and its mechanisms and the principles emphasized by the theory of complexity and chaos. The author introduces nonlinear network deterrence to the field of strategic studies as an innovative and new concept. This pattern is a start point of the sixth wave of deterrence in International Relations. It will provide a new model for designing Iran's deterrence.
