jafar naghdi Eshratabad; Reza Garshasbi; Hadi Sadeghi Aval
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the change in Turkish strategy against ISIS from "support" to "battling". In order to understand is used the approach of the "structure of the international system," which is a synthesis of "regional hegemonic structure" and "trans-regional repulse structure" to ...
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the change in Turkish strategy against ISIS from "support" to "battling". In order to understand is used the approach of the "structure of the international system," which is a synthesis of "regional hegemonic structure" and "trans-regional repulse structure" to indicate why Turkey is carried out to the "big change".
For this purpose, is used descriptive-analytical method and relied on documentary sources through library research. The findings show because of the limitations of the regional structure due to superiority of Kurds, the axis of resistance and Russia as the dominant forces on the one hand and Trans-regional systemic pressures due to discredit front of the US, EU and international institutions / world public opinion, on the other hand, turkey was forced to strategic turn in its policy against ISIS. So, this kind of revisionism comes from a tradition based on realistic in order to restore power and national security not from the revolutionary tradition based on real determination to fight terrorism.
Taha Akrami; seyed dabud aghaee
Abstract
Leaving the Middle East by US ground troops and its concurrency with bolder presence of US western allies and more equipping of its regional allies, indicated a change in the approach of US toward the Middle East as a result of Pivot to Asia strategy. Therefore, this paper raises its main research question ...
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Leaving the Middle East by US ground troops and its concurrency with bolder presence of US western allies and more equipping of its regional allies, indicated a change in the approach of US toward the Middle East as a result of Pivot to Asia strategy. Therefore, this paper raises its main research question that “what is the new policy and strategy of US toward the Middle East? And how this strategy would be for fighting with terrorist groups with focus on ISIS?” The current study has applied a descriptive analysis method and has investigated US strategy towards the Middle East by using the theory of “Offshore Balancing Strategy”. It is concluded that some factors such as the absence of ground troops, transference of costs to other allies and delegation of duty, multilateralism and … are regarded as the main elements of new strategy of US. As a result, using local forces, regional allies, light footprint strategy and some cooperation like aerial cooperation against ISIS, equipping and instructing the troops, using navy and specific forces and utilizing the drones and rockets and… will be from the first priorities and choices of US.
hossein farzanepour; Ali akbar yari alghar; sakineh shabani
Abstract
The foundation of public opinion these days is the emergence and decline of the ISIS movement. In this article, along with a charismatic reading of the emergence and decline of ISIS, the special two-sided work of charisma has been considered in terms of its accomplishments, while distinguishing it from ...
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The foundation of public opinion these days is the emergence and decline of the ISIS movement. In this article, along with a charismatic reading of the emergence and decline of ISIS, the special two-sided work of charisma has been considered in terms of its accomplishments, while distinguishing it from its Muslim alternative, the spiritual saintship, the half-darkness of charisma has also been taken into consideration. The dominant approach of the existing articles is the attraction of the Prophet and the spiritual saintship in the Shiite system as a kind of charisma. If we understand the love of the saintship in the Shiite thought of charisma, then we have unwittingly accepted the necessity of the charisma's identity, its decline and its replacement after decades. The theoretical purpose of the article is to study the charisma of the charisma compared to the alternative of the spiritual saintship in the Shiite system, and its strategic goal is to examine the reason for the early decline of ISIS with the reasoning of Max Weber's theorizing, and the practical purpose is to examine the rational possibility of the emergence of an alternative to ISIS. Theoretical result of this paper, the superiority of the spiritual saintship over charisma and its most strategic and strategic finding, is the rational probability of the emergence of a quasi-ISIS movement. The research methodology is an analytical, critical paper, using library resources and the efficiency of Max Weber's theorizing, Kolakovsky and Hannah Arendt.
Rasoul Safizadeh
Abstract
The rise and spread of Salafi-Takfiri movements is one of the subjects that has seriously attracted the attention of socio-political analysts. Perhaps can be told, ISIS is the most radical Takfiri group that world has ever seen already. ISIS has been shaped from very different composition such as literates, ...
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The rise and spread of Salafi-Takfiri movements is one of the subjects that has seriously attracted the attention of socio-political analysts. Perhaps can be told, ISIS is the most radical Takfiri group that world has ever seen already. ISIS has been shaped from very different composition such as literates, illiterates, religious fanatics, children, women, and foreigners. More than 550 Muslim women has been attained to ISIS from western countries. In this research, by explanative and discursive methodology with emphasis on theoretical framework of Lacla and Moffe, has been tried to answer this question: what is the position of women in ISIS’ discourse and why? In answer to this question, the hypothesis is that: in ISIS discourse by axis of Islam as central signifier and important factor in making of Islamic State (Caliphate), the women has high position beside of men due to these reasons: breeding in the path of making Islamic Society (Ommah), jihadi mothers for consolidation of Islamic society, emancipation of Muslim women from secular society and suicide attacks and intimidating of the west.
Hossein Khani
Abstract
Growth of neo-Salafism and the emergence of the ISIS phenomenon Which has grown increasingly in the Middle East and has influenced several countries, Indicates a new chapter in security issues in the area. Accordingly, the main question of this article is that In the light of ISIS threats in recent years, ...
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Growth of neo-Salafism and the emergence of the ISIS phenomenon Which has grown increasingly in the Middle East and has influenced several countries, Indicates a new chapter in security issues in the area. Accordingly, the main question of this article is that In the light of ISIS threats in recent years, what is the regional security vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis of the paper shows that due to the continuation of the drivers of these threats, Iran's regional security lies in a confrontation with the Salafist-Takfiri flow. The present paper, using qualitative methodology, and the bibliographic-descriptive technique divides into two parts. The first section examines research texts related to the emergence of ISIS and its impact on regional security in the Islamic Republic of Iran And the second part also seeks to provide an analytical framework based on the presence and continuity of critical factors (drivers) of crisis Which recognizes them provides a perspective on regional security for the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
The development of information and communication technology, including the Internet and derivatives of this powerful software, defined within the concept of cyberspace, is the formation of a series of communications between social groups different from the distance Far away in the real world, which has ...
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The development of information and communication technology, including the Internet and derivatives of this powerful software, defined within the concept of cyberspace, is the formation of a series of communications between social groups different from the distance Far away in the real world, which has brought new opportunities and threats to the hands of governments. For example, terrorist activities are among the new threats that cyberspace has created. The present paper, by presenting a geopolitical analysis, attempts to answer the question of how cyberspace plays a role in expanding the range of terrorist activities from local to global scales with emphasis on ISIS. To answer this question, the present research was conducted with purposeful and descriptive-analytic method and library method was used to collect information. Finally, the result was that the use of cyberspace by the ISIS terrorist group, which has the most extensive and fastest applications of this technology over the years 2011 to 2016, has made the level of this new geopolitical actor change from local to transnational, and the scale of influence This unconventional actor in the geopolitical arena will expand from local to sub-national, transnational, and global.
Amir Mohammad Haji-Yousefi; Maryam Joneidi
Abstract
This paper argues that there is a strong conceptual connection between the international crises such as what happened in September 11, 2001 in the United States and the process of identity construction not only in the Western countries` foreign policy in general and the U.S. foreign policy in particular ...
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This paper argues that there is a strong conceptual connection between the international crises such as what happened in September 11, 2001 in the United States and the process of identity construction not only in the Western countries` foreign policy in general and the U.S. foreign policy in particular but also in the emergence and expansion of the the terrorist groups such as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Ourmain question is how the anti-terorism discourse emerged after the 9/11 facilitated the emergence and expansion of ISIS? Our main hypotheis is that the anti-terorism discourse created an image of Muslims as terrorists which in turn led to the radicalization of Muslims and identification of themselves as anti-systemic forces. This new identity was created as a result of the overarching anti-terorist discourse after 2001. To answer our question, we survey the Foreign Policy Magazine from 2001 to 2004 and through content analysis of articles and interviews published in this period, try to demonstrate how the anti-terorism discourse led to Muslims identifying themselves as forces against the international system dominated by the Western countries.
Abstract
This research is based on "cognitive science" and in the framework of "social cognition" to study the formation and causal explanations of terrorists and terrorist groups, especially the most important that is ISIS. from this perspective Social cognition based on interaction of individual with the environment ...
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This research is based on "cognitive science" and in the framework of "social cognition" to study the formation and causal explanations of terrorists and terrorist groups, especially the most important that is ISIS. from this perspective Social cognition based on interaction of individual with the environment subjects such as "the origin of knowledge", "cognitive style", "recognition patterns" and "cognitive capacity" to investigate the "language", "biological – Psycho origin", "Structure subjective" and "social culture", and the origins of the formation of knowledge of terrorists explains. In order to draw a mental model of the terrorists and the qualitative content analysis X-mind software is used . Extracted concepts and the mental model includes ideas (rather quoted on reason, law Al-tkfir, Salafism and past-oriented memory, Textualists mortis), metaphors (innovation, Shariah, jihad, caliphate and caliphs), living space (reproduced abnormality of family, a sense of relative deprivation), the origin of mental Bio (Splitting and thinking black - white, all or nothing, death-worship, malignant violence, domination instinct, delusions of grandeur and self-abuse, antisocial personality), group (sense of belonging and dummy relative risk as the pressure obedience and success), identity crisis (conflict and cultural interference, hegemony of the West and Arab humiliation, restore Islamic glory).
Hamid Nassaj
Abstract
Today, the Islamic world is faced with the emergence and growth of takfiri ideas; Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia, the SSP in Pakistan, Al-Qaeda in many parts of the Islamic world and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria recently split from al-Qaeda in Syria and Iraq have emerged. The findings of this research ...
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Today, the Islamic world is faced with the emergence and growth of takfiri ideas; Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia, the SSP in Pakistan, Al-Qaeda in many parts of the Islamic world and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria recently split from al-Qaeda in Syria and Iraq have emerged. The findings of this research show that the Takfiri Groups that their most important achievement has been discrediting the concept of humanity are not new phenomenon. In fact, they are the contextual and theoretical continuation of the Kharijites. In the first decade of the emergence of Islam, three streams of Sunni, Shi'a and Kharijites were divided and this division still causes confrontation. Takfiri groups are similar to Kharijites in the both theoretical principles and context and backgrounds of emergence. Mass excommunication of others, ignoring the circumstances of time, resistance to diversity and change, following the tradition and lack of attention to rationalism, violence and an exclusive look to Monotheism are some of the their similarities. In this article the perspective of historical analysis and comparative methods used as methodological approach and the theory of Manuel Castells about identity of resistance and fundamentalism used as theoretical framework.
Abstract
Two years after the creation ISIS, the group moved towards Central Asia. This advancement raised many questions and worried analysts. This paper tries to answer the question that: What are the causes for the advancement of ISIS in Central Asia? The hypothesis of this paper is that some regional factors ...
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Two years after the creation ISIS, the group moved towards Central Asia. This advancement raised many questions and worried analysts. This paper tries to answer the question that: What are the causes for the advancement of ISIS in Central Asia? The hypothesis of this paper is that some regional factors such as poverty, underdevelopment, political and economic instability, spread of extremism among some Muslims, rich mineral resources of this area, the two fundamentalist Muslim communities (Pakistan and Afghanistan) as the neighboring countries, Russian influence, the presence of Muslims in the West China (Xinjiang province) and most importantly ISIS strategy for Internationalization led to the advancement of this group in the region.
Yaser Esmaeilzadeh Emamgholi; Hassanali Ahmadi Fesharaki
Abstract
The new generation of studies on security is an outcome of the transition from
the Cold War that has turned the traditional concepts and definitions of security
to something new that includes diverse aspects such as political, economic,
social, and environmental matters. This study attempts to discuss ...
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The new generation of studies on security is an outcome of the transition from
the Cold War that has turned the traditional concepts and definitions of security
to something new that includes diverse aspects such as political, economic,
social, and environmental matters. This study attempts to discuss and analyze
one of the most dangerous and complicated threats of the world security and an
effective variable on the Islamic Republic of Iran`s security, namely ISIS. In fact,
the study is carried out to answer this fundamental question, “How can Iran`s
security be effected by ISIS as a threat?”. The qualitative analysis of available
data reveals that ISIS presence and influence in the region in terms of security to
act as a double-edged sword for Iran's security. Ignorance about each edge of
the abovementioned blade can result in the flawed analysis of ISIS impacts on
Iran's security. This article is an applied research with qualitative research
method in which an attempt is made to measure the impact of the independent
variable of "ISIS" on "Iran's security".
