International Relations
Mohammad Ali Basiri; Milad Mirinamniha
Abstract
Conceptually, identity refers to a set of perceptual characteristics of people and human societies to distinguish them from each other. This concept has always transformed into a pretext to satisfy the subjective interests of governments at transnational levels. Securitization is one of the important ...
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Conceptually, identity refers to a set of perceptual characteristics of people and human societies to distinguish them from each other. This concept has always transformed into a pretext to satisfy the subjective interests of governments at transnational levels. Securitization is one of the important strategies to implement this process, but the experiences resulting from the application of this strategy in different eras always show damage to the objective development of the countries in the long term. Therefore, the question is how identity securitization in foreign policy causes conflict between subjective and objective interests. Emphasizing Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and China as examples, the researchers' hypothesis states that identity securitization in foreign policy causes the deterioration of the objective development of the country and the crystallization of its conflict with the subjective interests of government due to the depletion of economic and human resources to impose semantic coercive on others, along with the obvious reaction of others to this action. Taking advantage of the innovative analytical orientation based on the Copenhagen school's securitization theory, ultimately led to the confirmation of the mentioned hypothesis in the end. The method of this research was descriptive-analytical combined with the use of library and
Political Sociology
Roya Dousti; Ali Salehi Farsani; Hossein Abolfazli Karizi
Abstract
The present article examines the role of the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relations with the United States between 1979 and 2021. Accordingly, the main question is: What effect did the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran have on relations with the United States of America between ...
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The present article examines the role of the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relations with the United States between 1979 and 2021. Accordingly, the main question is: What effect did the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran have on relations with the United States of America between 1979 and 2021? The temporary answer to the question of the present article, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, is: The revolutionary-Islamic identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with its increasingly anti-unilateralist and domineering role, has been in opposition to the interests of the United States of America, which has led to the termination of relations between the two countries between 1979 and 2021. Iran-US relations include the institutionalized structure of conflict in the relations between two political units, which on the one hand is rooted in the nature and type of their political system, and on the other hand is rooted in internal, regional and international causes and factors. In fact, what prevented the establishment of normal relations between the parties is not at the level of discourse or behavior, but due to the confrontational identity of Iran and the United States.
hasan naserkhaki; Ali Morshedizad
Abstract
Given the significance of the Islamic Revolution role-playing and increasing importance of the role of new social movements in the world arena, the present paper investigates the relations between new social movements and the Islamic Revolution and the effect of these movements on the promotion ...
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Given the significance of the Islamic Revolution role-playing and increasing importance of the role of new social movements in the world arena, the present paper investigates the relations between new social movements and the Islamic Revolution and the effect of these movements on the promotion of the Islamic Revolution in the world arena. The research requires examining mutual relations between new social movements and the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, according to Alain Touraine’s theoretical basics about new social movements and using a qualitative method, this paper comparatively studied components of identity in the Islamic Revolution and the Environmental movement as one of the new social movements in the world arena. It also extracted, compared, and examined the relations between these movement-stimulant components using categorization and encoding techniques. According to the findings of this study, it can be said that the Islamic Revolution has an identity beyond environmental movement. However, there is no contradiction between their components and therefore there is an overlap between the Islamic Revolution and environmental movement in the world arena.
Ali Karimi Maleh; Meisam Belbasi; Seyyed Mohammad Javad Ghorbi
Abstract
This article seeks to answer the question of which layers and elements are the cultural identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the document "Elements of Iranian National Identity"? The achievements of this research show that cultural identity in the document of the elements of Iranian national identity ...
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This article seeks to answer the question of which layers and elements are the cultural identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the document "Elements of Iranian National Identity"? The achievements of this research show that cultural identity in the document of the elements of Iranian national identity consists of two layers of Islamic cultural identity including elements such as spirituality and monotheism, Islam and the religion of Shiism and Quranic education, cultural convergence, the elimination of oppression and oppression, Ordinary, ethics, customs, and traditions, the practice of the Prophet's sake, is the never-ending justice, expectation and historical mission of the Iranian people, and the cultural identity of Iranians including elements such as cultural heritage and ritual, Iranian architecture, Scholars and science-friendship, Iranian history, defense of the land, memory and collective memories, Iranian civilization, Persian language and Persian font, Iranian ethnos and groups with beautiful subcultures that can lead to the cultural, spiritual and national identity and solidarity among the Iranian people. It should also be noted that the document does not mention any modern Iranian identity. To answer the question, a qualitative and quantitative content analysis method is used.
Hossein Amanloo; Shoja Ahmad Vand
Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2015, , Pages 103-133
Abstract
This paper tries to study the Recognition of royal identity in Ancient Iran,using discourse analysis. The foundations of royal identity in Ancient Iran isbased on the divine order and pattern of the political system. Thus, it isresponsible for all of the affairs of the ideal king as hand of the idealintentions. ...
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This paper tries to study the Recognition of royal identity in Ancient Iran,using discourse analysis. The foundations of royal identity in Ancient Iran isbased on the divine order and pattern of the political system. Thus, it isresponsible for all of the affairs of the ideal king as hand of the idealintentions. The king of Ancient Iran is the most perfect representative of thecelestial law implementations.This article deals with the question of the identity of the ideal king inancient structures in order to lead the society to Utopia. This paperhypothesis argues that this identity is formed through signs such as:charisma, race, justice and truth, religion and piety, dutifulness, intellect andwisdom, strength and courage, education and teaching. The central slab, theKing as a representative of the gods on Earth have stabilized these signs
Afshin Mottaghi
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2015, , Pages 141-161
Abstract
Regarding the geopolitical position and geographical features, Iran and Saudi Arabia can be considered as two important states in the region. From the early 1950s, the two started rivalries in the Persian Gulf region. Tension and conflict between the two countries rose, in the second Phalavi era, and ...
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Regarding the geopolitical position and geographical features, Iran and Saudi Arabia can be considered as two important states in the region. From the early 1950s, the two started rivalries in the Persian Gulf region. Tension and conflict between the two countries rose, in the second Phalavi era, and because of the symmetry of the sphere of influence of the two, continuous level of tension between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been experienced. This rivalry, along with a number of material and ideological factors strained relations between Tehran and Riyadh. Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution has influence among Muslim countries in the region, and the Shiite ideological orientation challenged Saudi Wahhabi ideology. Furthermore, ethnic ties and geopolitical competition in the region, with regard to the power and hegemonic matters, has increased tension between the two countries. This study, with analytical methodology is orchestrated according to the theory of Constructivism and attempts to examine the main causes of conflict in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Results shows that the absence of common three concepts of "normativity", "images" and "identity" between Iran and Saudi Arabia, in addition to geopolitical-based competitions are a significant causes of tention in relations between Tehran and Riyadh.
Javad Mamaghani
Volume 3, Issue 11 , April 2015, , Pages 57-85
Abstract
Egyptian revolution in January 2011 was a transition period of the Islamic awakening in the Egypt and therefore it is essential to understand these events. This article seeks to provide a theoretical approach about developments in Egypt and in this matter the theory of ontological security of Anthony ...
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Egyptian revolution in January 2011 was a transition period of the Islamic awakening in the Egypt and therefore it is essential to understand these events. This article seeks to provide a theoretical approach about developments in Egypt and in this matter the theory of ontological security of Anthony Giddens is applied to consider in the formation process of the protests in Egypt. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the Egyptian people as the brightest people in the Arab world faced with contradictory Islamic identity during Mubarak regime. Therefore they try regaining their lost identity. Hence, humility as a Feeling in the Egyptians provided a sense of non self-respect as it is mentioned; and led them to overthrow of the Mubarak regime in Egypt in January 2011. However, due to the lack of democracy in Egypt for many years, military actors took the power about three years after the revolution.
Hamid Salehi
Volume 3, Issue 11 , April 2015, , Pages 87-101
Abstract
The main purpose of this Article is examining the third wave of Alnehza from the perspective of the Islamic awakening and the religious revival in the countries of Arab region. The revolutionary movement in the Arab world as a comprehensive movement based on religious and theological discourse ...
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The main purpose of this Article is examining the third wave of Alnehza from the perspective of the Islamic awakening and the religious revival in the countries of Arab region. The revolutionary movement in the Arab world as a comprehensive movement based on religious and theological discourse has been analyzed in this regard. This social movement has waged prominent Islamic awakening indicators that will provide a new literature review in this matter. In fact, the first wave of Alnehza has risen form of political and religious reforms in Muslim communities headed by Jamaledin Asad Abadi. The second wave of the Islamic revolution led by Imam Khomeini and the third wave, without any charismatic or social leaders, formed in shape of certain social symbols and stories. Thus, the main hypothesis of this Article regarding the third wave argues that Islamic awaking turns to be a model and manifestation for the new movements in the Arab world.
Majid Abbasi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, , Pages 9-41
Abstract
According to the Charter of the EU, human Rights is a cornerstone of theEU common foreign policy. In this context, European Union's politicalNegotiations urged with the Iranian authorities have criticized the humanrights situation in Iran and have urged improvement in that matter.These criticism neglects ...
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According to the Charter of the EU, human Rights is a cornerstone of theEU common foreign policy. In this context, European Union's politicalNegotiations urged with the Iranian authorities have criticized the humanrights situation in Iran and have urged improvement in that matter.These criticism neglects the cultural, historical, religious,and traditions ofIranian people. on the contrary, Islamic Republic of Iran believes that theimplementation of the human rights norms depends on social, cultural andreligious differences from one community to another.For example, Iran believes that eye for an eye retaliatory regulations arenecessary to preserve justice and human rights and derived from theIslamic law. Intersubjective disagreements has caused the human rightschallenge in the bilateral relations. European Union members havefrequently spoken.against the human rights situation in Iran. Iran has tried to resolve thedispute by all means to prevent the divergence between the two. In thisresearch endeavors concentrated on the study ofthe role of human rights in Europe and the Islamic Republic of Iran'spolitical divergence.
Ali Ashraf Nazari; Aboozar Behzadi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, , Pages 75-99
Abstract
Asymmetric conflicts can be described as changes in the passage of timewhich are way different with traditional wars. this paper reviews the natureand extent of asymmetric conflicts such as political violence. The keyquestion is:to what extent political violence can be seen in the context ofasymmetric ...
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Asymmetric conflicts can be described as changes in the passage of timewhich are way different with traditional wars. this paper reviews the natureand extent of asymmetric conflicts such as political violence. The keyquestion is:to what extent political violence can be seen in the context ofasymmetric conflicts, and what mechanisms are needed to address theseconflicts? Far from a reductionist attitude,a set of solutions proposed inorder to reduce these conflicts
