International Relations
farideh amani kaekanlo; Reza Simbar
Abstract
Following the September 11 incident, America entered Afghanistan under the title of fighting against terrorism. But after 20 years since the beginning of the attack on this country, by signing an agreement with the Taliban on February 29, 2020, he pledged to leave Afghanistan. On the other hand, due ...
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Following the September 11 incident, America entered Afghanistan under the title of fighting against terrorism. But after 20 years since the beginning of the attack on this country, by signing an agreement with the Taliban on February 29, 2020, he pledged to leave Afghanistan. On the other hand, due to the importance of developments in Afghanistan for Iran, any US action in this country is aimed at Iran's national security. The question of the research is "what consequences have been created for the national security of Iran as a strategic neighbor of Afghanistan with the withdrawal of America from Afghanistan and the re-establishment of the Taliban government"? The hypothesis is: the process the withdrawal of America from Afghanistan on May 1, 2021 is a positive outcome but the challenge of creating an unstable Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban; The clash of different interpretations of Islamic political ideas and the increase in the activity of ethnic and takfiri ideas, insecurity in the eastern regions of the country and the reduction of Iran's national security will remain as a negative consequence. This research is written with a realistic framework, with an explanatory method and based on internet and library sources.
International Relations
Mohammad Hadi Raji; اصغر Eftekhari
Abstract
One of the frameworks for the integrated analysis of the components of Western pressure and war against the Islamic Republic of Iran is the hybrid war framework. In this regard, examining how to deal with this type of war can have theoretical applications and operational applications for elites and relevant ...
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One of the frameworks for the integrated analysis of the components of Western pressure and war against the Islamic Republic of Iran is the hybrid war framework. In this regard, examining how to deal with this type of war can have theoretical applications and operational applications for elites and relevant officials. The main question of this research is: What are the strategies to deal with the hybrid war of the West against the Islamic Republic of Iran? This research is important from two aspects of approach and operation, in terms of approach and theory that focuses on the integration of coping strategies, and in terms of operations that can be useful for officials related to hybrid warfare. This research is exploratory and not hypothesis testing. The future research is developmental and practical in terms of type, because it explains the necessity of applying a systematic and systematic approach to the problem of hybrid war and the solutions to deal with this type of war, and it also has operational implications for field officials in this field...
Political Sociology
Hojjat Kazemi; mahdi mosakazemi
Abstract
According to the views of some historical sociologists such as Hintze, Weber, Tilly, Mann, Giddens, and Fukuyama, European wars from the 15th and 20th centuries have been a critical variable in the transition from feudal dispersion of power to the establishment of modern states. From this point of view, ...
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According to the views of some historical sociologists such as Hintze, Weber, Tilly, Mann, Giddens, and Fukuyama, European wars from the 15th and 20th centuries have been a critical variable in the transition from feudal dispersion of power to the establishment of modern states. From this point of view, wars and states' efforts to win them have materialized the idea of the modern state, strengthened state structures, and increased state influence in society. While emphasizing the usefulness of this point of view, the article seeks to show that focusing on the definite relationship between war and state-building can lead to oversimplification and unwarranted generalization, considering a more comprehensive range of wars, especially in non-Western societies. Historical experiences show that while some wars have strengthened the state-building process, others have weakened State Infrastructural Power. The article concludes that diversity in the impact of wars on state-building processes in different societies is influenced by other factors such as the type of war (whether the war is internal or external), economic and social conditions of warring states, the influence of the international environment, and the role played by foreign powers.
Developments in the Middle East
Ali akbar Asadi; Mohammd Orf
Abstract
Given the serious limitations in the field of hard power, the development of soft power, including nation branding, is considered as one of the key priorities of small states such as Qatar. According to this matter, the question is, where does nation branding play a role in Qatar's foreign policy ...
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Given the serious limitations in the field of hard power, the development of soft power, including nation branding, is considered as one of the key priorities of small states such as Qatar. According to this matter, the question is, where does nation branding play a role in Qatar's foreign policy and national security? In this regard, the limitations and challenges of Qatar in terms of power and national security capacities, as well as its potentials, have been addressed to the country's overall approach and policies in the field of nation branding. The results of the study show that Qatari leaders have been able to achieve significant successes and achievements in the field of nation branding by focusing on six main areas, thus helping to improve the country's national power and security capacities. These areas include: political networking and crisis mediation; media branding with focusing on Al Jazeera; capacities and economic assistance as a support for branding; capacity building and cultural diplomacy; capacity development and sports diplomacy; strengthening and promoting the tourism sector. This article has been used as a descriptive - explanatory study of the six-dimensional conceptual model of Anholt to explain nation branding.
